Berding Study Guide for Patho Test 3
1. What are the different types of cells and their functions?
Leukocytes: WBCs:fewer in number compared to RBCs, they defend
against
infection and remove dead/injured host cells
-Granulocytes(Neutrophils,eosinphils, basophils) : all
phagocyticcells. They are spherical and have distinctive multilobar
nuclei.
-Neutrophils:primary pathogen fighting
cells (55-65% of all WBC) their granules contain degradingenzymes that
destroy foreign substances and correspond to lysosomes found inother
cells. The degradative functions are important in maintain normal
hostdefenses and in mediating the inflammatory response.
-Eosinophils:Constitute 1=3% of WBC and
they increase in # in response to allergic reactions. They are thought to
release enzymes that detoxify agents associated with allergic reactions.
They are also involed in parasitic infections by attaching themselves to
the parasite by special surface molecules are release hydrolytic enzymes
that kill the parasite.
-Basophils:.3-.5% of the WBC. Basophils
and mast cells release heparin(anticoagulant) intothe blood. The mast
cells and basophils also release histamine a vasodialator andother
inflammatory mediators. They also play a huge part in allergic
reactions.
-Lymphyocytes: 20-30% WBC, they are AGRANULE, their
function in the lymph nodes or spleen is to defend against foreign
microbes in the immune response. They are broken into 3 parts
Blymph-differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells in humoral
Mediated immunity, T lymph- responsible for orchestrating immune
response and effecting cell-mediated immunity. NK(natural killer) cells are
the 3rd subset whose receptors main thing is innate immunity.
-Monocytes/Macrophages :Monocytes are the largest of the
WBC and constitute about 3-8% of total leukocyte count. They survive for
months in tissues. When they enter tissues they are called macrophages
and are phagocytic. Monocytes engulf larger and greater quantities of
foreign material than neutrophils. They play an important role in
chronic inflammation and are involved in the immune response by
activating lymphocytes and presenting antigen to T cells.
-Erythrocytes = RBCs: the most abundant cells of the
blood, and are responsible for tissue oxygenation
