Basic Cardiac Rhythms –Identification and Response, Exams of Nursing

Download Basic Cardiac Rhythms –Identification and Response and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Basic Cardiac

Rhythms –

Identification

and Response

Module 1

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, &

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION

Cardiac Anatomy

▪ 2 upper chambers ▪ Right and left atria ▪ 2 lower chambers ▪ Right and left ventricle ▪ 2 Atrioventricular valves (Mitral & Tricuspid) ▪ Open with ventricular diastole ▪ Close with ventricular systole ▪ 2 Semilunar Valves (Aortic & Pulmonic) ▪ Open with ventricular systole ▪ Open with ventricular diastole

The Cardiovascular System

▪ Pulmonary Circulation ▪ Unoxygenated – right side of the heart ▪ Systemic Circulation ▪ Oxygenated – left side of the heart

Anatomy

Coronary Arteries

▪ 2 major vessels of the coronary circulation ▪ Left main coronary artery ▪ Left anterior descending and circumflex branches ▪ Right main coronary artery ▪ The left and right coronary arteries originate at the base of the aorta from openings called the coronary ostia behind the aortic valve leaflets.

Physiology

Blood Flow

Unoxygenated blood flows from inferior and superior vena cava Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle Pulmonic Valve Lungs Through Pulmonary system

Physiology

▪ Cardiac cycle ▪ Represents the actual time sequence between ventricular contraction and ventricular relaxation ▪ Systole ▪ Simultaneous contraction of the ventricles ▪ Diastole ▪ Synonymous with ventricular relaxation ▪ When ventricles fill passively from the atria to 70% of blood capacity

Physiology

▪ Heart rate (HR) ▪ Number of contractions (beats per minute) ▪ Normal heart rate is 60 – 100 beats per minute (bpm) ▪ Stroke volume (SV) ▪ Volume of blood being pumped out of ventricles in a single beat or contraction ▪ Normal stroke volume is 60 – 130 mL

Physiology

▪ Pre-load ▪ Volume and stretch of the ventricular myocardium at the end of diastole ▪ After-load ▪ Amount of pressure against which the left ventricle must work during systole to open the aortic valve ▪ Clinically measure by systolic blood pressure

Normal Electrical Conduction System

SA node ➢ Inter-nodal pathways

AV node

Bundle of his ➢

Left & Right bundle

branches

➢

Purkinje fibers

The SA Node and the AV Node

Electrical Conduction

System EKG Waveforms

▪ P wave ▪ Atrial depolarization (contraction) ▪ QRS Complex ▪ Ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization ▪ T wave ▪ Ventricular repolarization (resting phase)

Module 2

INTERPRETING EKG

RHYTHM STRIPS

EASI Lead

Lead Placement Color Code

E Brown: Lower sternum ( th intercostal space) A Red: Left mid-axillary line ( th intercostal space) S Black: Upper sternum (just below sternal angle) I White: Right mid-axillary line ( th intercostal space) Green: Anywhere

Electrical Conduction

Systems EKG Waveforms