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Basic Dysrhythmias: A Guide to Understanding Heart Rhythms, Exercises of Nursing

West Virginia Wesleyan CollegeNursing

A concise overview of common dysrhythmias, including their characteristics, causes, and potential implications. It covers a range of heart rhythm abnormalities, from normal sinus rhythm to ventricular fibrillation, offering a basic understanding of their underlying mechanisms and clinical significance. Particularly useful for students in healthcare fields, providing a foundational knowledge of dysrhythmias and their recognition.

Typology: Exercises

2024/2025

Available from 12/30/2024

jack-kangethe
jack-kangethe 🇺🇸

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Basic Dysrhythmia-Relias
normal sinus rhythm - heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60
to 100 beats per minute
Sinus Arrhythmia - Appearance is ALMOST NORMAL:
Respiratory - Circulatory interaction
Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN)
Sinus Bradycardia - <60
normal sinus rhythm
Sinus Tachycardia - >100 (100-150)
normal sinus rhythm
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - Heart Rate: Depends on underlying rhythm
Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm
P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden within the T wave
PRI: measures between .12-.20 seconds and can be prolonged; can be different from other complexes
QRS: <.12 seconds
Sinus Arrest/Pause - - SA node doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle)
length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block)
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - an irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal
conduction in the atria
Atrial Flutter - irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1
block"
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Basic Dysrhythmia-Relias

normal sinus rhythm - heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute Sinus Arrhythmia - Appearance is ALMOST NORMAL: Respiratory - Circulatory interaction Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN) Sinus Bradycardia - < normal sinus rhythm Sinus Tachycardia - >100 (100-150) normal sinus rhythm Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - Heart Rate: Depends on underlying rhythm Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden within the T wave PRI: measures between .12-.20 seconds and can be prolonged; can be different from other complexes QRS: <.12 seconds Sinus Arrest/Pause - - SA node doesn't fire

  • notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle) length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block) Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - an irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria Atrial Flutter - irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block"

Junctional Rhythm - 40 - 60 Regular!

  • impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
  • P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
  • slow rate
  • narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular) Junctional Tachycardia - >60 bpm (ms. K; 150-250)
  • KEY: will be regular (consistent)
  • AV junction produces a rapid sequence of QRS-T cycles
  • p-wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS Premature Junctional Contraction - Inverted p wave or hidden p wave PRI<0.12 or none Normal QRS Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - an abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node First degree heart block - atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles 2nd degree heart block type 1 (Wenkebach) - Progressively longer PR interval until the P wave is not followed by a QPR 2nd Degree Heart Block (Mobitz II) - Rare, but more serious Sudden appearance of a nonconducted P-wave P-waves are nl, but some aren't followed by a QRS complex PR & RR intervals are constant

QRS: Wide QRS Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Regular

  • benign rhythm that is sometimes seen during acute MI or early after reperfusion. - Rarely sustained, does not progress to vfib, rarely requires treatment asystole - absence of contractions of the heart Failure to capture (pacemaker) - failure to sense (pacemaker) - Atrial paced rhythm - spike before P wave Ventricular paced rhythm - ventricular contractions which occur in cases of complete heart block.