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Psychoanalytic theory explain in structures of personality and define oral, anal. phallic, latency and genital stages.
Typology: Slides
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Conscious: what we’re thinking about or experiencing at any given moment Preconscious: what we can readily call to consciousness (memories, knowledge) Unconscious: thoughts, desires, and impulses of which we’re not aware; this is the largest level of consciousness.
Develops as child realizes that the id is constrained by reality Abides by the reality principle—goal is to bring pleasure within constraints of reality Mostly conscious Also houses the higher mental functions such as reasoning, problem-soliving, and decision- making
The moral branch of the personality; our conscience It can either reward or punish the ego Doesn’t consider reality (like the id); it only considers whether the id’s sexual and aggressive impulses can be satisfied in moral terms Can operate on all levels of consciousness, but it’s mostly preconscious
Sexual energy of the sex instinct Sex instinct is the most important of life’s forces and is the basis for most mental disorders Sex is much more than copulation and can refer to anything pleasurable As sex instinct matures, libido moves from one body part to another, and child moves into a new stage of psychosexual development.
Boys have sexual longing for mothers and jealousy of fathers Boys want to hurt or kill fathers because they’re a rival for Mom’s affection Boy realizes he’s too weak to kill father and develops “castration anxiety” (fears Dad will cut off boy’s penis) Castration anxiety causes repression of desire for Mom and identification with Dad Becomes psychologically male at this point.
Girls realize at age 3-4 that they don’t have a penis; blame Mom for castrating them. Sexually desire fathers and want to bear father’s child, preferably a son, to compensate for her lack of a penis. Freud didn’t know how girls resolved this anxiety. Thought boys had stronger superego than girls because they had to go through the mental work of repressing their castration anxiety whereas girls didn’t.
Each stage contains a unique developmental crisis that must be faced. There are 8 stages. Crisis is not a catastrophe but merely a turning point that can strengthen or weaken us. Each crisis is primarily social in nature. There are degrees of success; the more you resolve each conflict, the healthier you are. Adjustment requires balancing both positive and negative traits.
