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Basic Tenets of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory, Slides of Psychology

Psychoanalytic theory explain in structures of personality and define oral, anal. phallic, latency and genital stages.

Typology: Slides

2021/2022

Uploaded on 03/31/2022

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Basic tenets of Freud’s
psychoanalytic theory
Three levels of consciousness
Conscious: what we’re thinking about or
experiencing at any given moment
Preconscious: what we can readily call to
consciousness (memories, knowledge)
Unconscious: thoughts, desires, and
impulses of which we’re not aware; this is
the largest level of consciousness.
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Basic tenets of Freud’s

psychoanalytic theory

 Three levels of consciousness

 Conscious: what we’re thinking about or experiencing at any given moment  Preconscious: what we can readily call to consciousness (memories, knowledge)  Unconscious: thoughts, desires, and impulses of which we’re not aware; this is the largest level of consciousness.

Structure of the personality

 Id

 Ego

 Superego

Ego

 Develops as child realizes that the id is constrained by reality  Abides by the reality principle—goal is to bring pleasure within constraints of reality  Mostly conscious  Also houses the higher mental functions such as reasoning, problem-soliving, and decision- making

Superego

 The moral branch of the personality; our conscience  It can either reward or punish the ego  Doesn’t consider reality (like the id); it only considers whether the id’s sexual and aggressive impulses can be satisfied in moral terms  Can operate on all levels of consciousness, but it’s mostly preconscious

Libido

 Sexual energy of the sex instinct  Sex instinct is the most important of life’s forces and is the basis for most mental disorders  Sex is much more than copulation and can refer to anything pleasurable  As sex instinct matures, libido moves from one body part to another, and child moves into a new stage of psychosexual development.

Adult personality

 Determined by the way conflicts

between early sources of pleasure and

constraints of reality are resolved

 When conflicts aren’t resolved

adequately, person can become

“fixated” at that stage of development

 Fixation occurs when child’s needs are

either not met or are overgratified.

Oral stage

 Birth to 1 year

 Mouth is focus of sexual pleasure

 Fixation: smokers, drinkers, loud

talkers, people who like to eat or chew

gum, dentists

Anal stage

 1-3 years

 Focus of sexual pleasure is the anus

 Voluntary defecation is the primary way

to gratify the sex instinct during this

stage

 Fixation: love of bathroom humor,

interest in bowel movements, extreme

messiness, prudishness, irritability

Oedipal complex

 Boys have sexual longing for mothers and jealousy of fathers  Boys want to hurt or kill fathers because they’re a rival for Mom’s affection  Boy realizes he’s too weak to kill father and develops “castration anxiety” (fears Dad will cut off boy’s penis)  Castration anxiety causes repression of desire for Mom and identification with Dad  Becomes psychologically male at this point.

Electra complex & penis envy

 Girls realize at age 3-4 that they don’t have a penis; blame Mom for castrating them.  Sexually desire fathers and want to bear father’s child, preferably a son, to compensate for her lack of a penis.  Freud didn’t know how girls resolved this anxiety. Thought boys had stronger superego than girls because they had to go through the mental work of repressing their castration anxiety whereas girls didn’t.

Genital stage

 Age 12 to late adulthood

 Puberty brings maturation of

reproductive organs

 Libido is once again settled in the

genitals

 Aim of sex instinct is reproduction

 In old age, person might regress to an

earlier stage of development.

Is Freud’s theory valid?

 The theory of psychosexual

development has NOT held up to

scientific scrutiny.

 It is still commonly assumed in the child

development community, though, that

children do go through a period where

they prefer the opposite-sex parent.

This resolves itself by age 5 or 6.

Characteristics of Erikson’s

stages

 Each stage contains a unique developmental crisis that must be faced. There are 8 stages.  Crisis is not a catastrophe but merely a turning point that can strengthen or weaken us.  Each crisis is primarily social in nature.  There are degrees of success; the more you resolve each conflict, the healthier you are.  Adjustment requires balancing both positive and negative traits.

Basic trust vs. mistrust

 Birth to 1 year

 Corresponds to Freud’s oral stage

 Babies must learn to trust caregivers.

 You can’t “spoil” an infant; responding

to their cries teaches them to trust you,

which sets the pattern for relationships

throughout life.