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Chemistry
The study of matter. TERM 2
Matter
DEFINITION 2 Anything that is made up of atoms, and exists as either a solid, liquid or gas. TERM 3
Atoms
DEFINITION 3 The building blocks of matter. Atoms give matter its characteristics. TERM 4
Solids
DEFINITION 4 Atoms are held close together and cannot move. So, these atoms have little energy -- solids have a definite shape and volume. TERM 5
Liquids
DEFINITION 5 Atoms have a little more energy, and begin to spread out. Liquids have a definite VOLUME, but no definite shape. They take on the shape of their containers.
Gases
Atoms have the MOST energy and are moving fast and far apart. These atoms cannot be contained - no definite shape and no definite volume. TERM 7
Periodic Table of Elements
DEFINITION 7 Has 118 elements. The periodic table shows the element's symbol, atomic number and mass number. All matter that exists on Earth comes from these 118 elements ONLY. TERM 8
Element
DEFINITION 8 Matter made up of only one kind of atom -- for example, hydrogen gas is made up of only hydrogen atoms. TERM 9
Compound
DEFINITION 9 Matter made up of two or more different kinds of atoms. Also, called a mixture or a solution.Salad dressing = mixtureWater = CompoundKool Aid = Solution (dissolved in liquid/water) TERM 10
Periodic Element Symbol
DEFINITION 10 First letter must be capitalized; second letter is lower case; no period after the symbol.Must only print the symbol, not use cursive letters
Cl
Clorine Atomic Number is 17 Standard state is gas TERM 17
P
DEFINITION 17 Phosphorus Atomic Number is 15 Standard state is solid TERM 18
Co
DEFINITION 18 Cobalt Atomic Number is 27 Standard state is solid TERM 19
Ni
DEFINITION 19 Nickel Atomic Number is 28 Standard state is solid TERM 20
Na
DEFINITION 20 Sodium Atomic Number is 11 Standard state is solid
Zr
Zirconium Atomic Number is 40 Standard state is solid TERM 22
He
DEFINITION 22 Helium Atomic Number is 2 Standard state is gas TERM 23
N
DEFINITION 23 Nitrogen Atomic Number is 7 Standard state is gas TERM 24
Br
DEFINITION 24 Bromine Atomic Number is 35 Standard state is liquid TERM 25
Fe
DEFINITION 25 Iron Atomic Number is 26 Standard state is solid
Pb
Lead Atomic Number is 82 Standard state is solid TERM 32
O
DEFINITION 32 Oxygen Atomic Number is 8 Standard state is gas TERM 33
Bi
DEFINITION 33 Bismuth Atomic Number is 83 Standard state is solid TERM 34
Rb
DEFINITION 34 Rubidium Atomic number is 37 Standard state is solid TERM 35
Periods
DEFINITION 35 There are 7 in the periodic table. It is a horizontal row of the periodic table
Metals
Metals are on the left and middle of the chart. They are: shiny, solid, can react with water, have high melting points and are good conductors of heat and electricity TERM 37
Non-metals
DEFINITION 37 Are on the right side of the chart only. Hydrogen is a non- metal and is also located on the right side of the chart. Non- metals are: dull, brittle, (fragile) can be solid, liquid or gas have low melting points, and are poor conductors of heat and electricity TERM 38
Metalloids
DEFINITION 38 Elements that are on either side of the staircase (an area that separates metals and non-metals).Metalloids have characteristics of both metals and non-metals. for example, Mercury is shiny (like a metal) and a liquid (like a non-metal). TERM 39
Atomic Number
DEFINITION 39 The number of protons in an atom of that element is the atomic number for that element.So, Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1. So it has 1 proton in each atom of hydrogen.The atomic number also equals the number of electrons in that atom.Atoms are neutral (no charge), so they have the same number of protons as they do electrons. TERM 40
Parts of an
atom
DEFINITION 40 Proton - the positive part of an atom - found in the nucleusNeutron - no charge (neutral) - found in the nucleusElectron - the negative part of an atom - found outside of the nucleus in orbits/shells
natural elements
There are 92 natural elements on the periodic table. (Not man-made) TERM 47
synthesized elements
DEFINITION 47 These are elements that are man-made (did not occur naturally).Most of these elements have been discovered by scientists working in a lab.Most have been discovered while scientists were working on new forms of energy (like nuclear), medicines, an making new materials for weapons. TERM 48
Open spaces
DEFINITION 48 Originally the spaces for number 43, 61,72 and 75 were left open on the periodic table by Moseley -- when he was working on his periodic law..The spaces were later filled in with: Tc (43), Pm (61), Hf (72) and Re (75). TERM 49 DEFINITION 49 Atomic number = # of protons in one atom of HydrogenElement Symbol = HElement Name = HydrogenAtomic Mass = the sum of the protons and neutrons in one atom of Hydrogen. So that mass = 1. TERM 50
Periodic Table Block
DEFINITION 50 Each block contains information about that element.For example, the element Al has an atomic number of 13. So, there are 13 protons in one atom of Al. Atomic Number is found on the upper left corner of the block.The element symbol is the letter/s in the middle of the blockThe Atomic Mass is found below the symbol.
Atomic Mass
Atomic mass the the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom. Most atomic mass numbers are decimal numbers. The Atomic Mass is found on the bottom of the element block.Atomic Mass is measured in "amu"Al has an atomic mass of 26.98 amu. So, there is a combined total of 26.98 protons and neutrons in one atom of Al. We know that there are 13 protons (because the atomic number is 13), and therefore, 14 neutrons (rounded up 26.98 to 27).
