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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Practice Problems for Bio 102, Study notes of Cell Biology

Central CollegeCell Biology

Multiple choice and short answer questions related to the cell cycle and cell division processes of mitosis and meiosis. Students are asked to identify which events occur during specific phases, sketch cell diagrams, and answer questions about chromosome arrangements and gamete production.

What you will learn

  • In which phase of the cell cycle are leading strands synthesized?
  • Which part of the cell cycle do sister chromatids form?
  • Which phase of meiosis results in haploid daughter cells?
  • What event does not occur during prophase of mitosis?
  • What process do eukaryotic cells undergo to become haploid?

Typology: Study notes

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Bio 102 Practice Problems
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Multiple choice: Unless otherwise directed, circle the one best answer:
1. Which one of the following events does NOT occur during prophase of mitosis?
A. Polymerization of tubulin into microtubules.
B. Attachment of kinetochore proteins to spindle fibers.
C. Pairing of homologous chromosomes.
D. Breakdown of nuclear membrane.
E. Wrapping of DNA strands around proteins to form a more compact structure.
2. During which phase of the cell cycle are leading strands synthesized?
A. G1
B. S
C. G2
D. Prophase
E. Telophase
3. Which one of the following does not accurately describe the spindle?
A. The spindle becomes attached to chromosomes at the centromere
B. The spindle attaches to chromosomes during prophase.
C. The spindle is made of many copies of a protein.
D. The spindle is present in Meiosis I, but not Meiosis II.
E. The spindle fibers shorten during anaphase.
4. During what process do eukaryotic cells become haploid?
A. Nondisjunction
B. S phase
C. Anaphase of mitosis
D. Meiosis I
E. Meiosis II
5. Sister chromatids are made during what part of the cell cycle?
A. Prophase
B. G
1
C. G
2
D. S
E. Cytokinesis
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Bio 102 Practice Problems

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Multiple choice: Unless otherwise directed, circle the one best answer:

  1. Which one of the following events does NOT occur during prophase of mitosis?

A. Polymerization of tubulin into microtubules. B. Attachment of kinetochore proteins to spindle fibers. C. Pairing of homologous chromosomes. D. Breakdown of nuclear membrane. E. Wrapping of DNA strands around proteins to form a more compact structure.

  1. During which phase of the cell cycle are leading strands synthesized?

A. G B. S C. G D. Prophase E. Telophase

  1. Which one of the following does not accurately describe the spindle?

A. The spindle becomes attached to chromosomes at the centromere B. The spindle attaches to chromosomes during prophase. C. The spindle is made of many copies of a protein. D. The spindle is present in Meiosis I, but not Meiosis II. E. The spindle fibers shorten during anaphase.

  1. During what process do eukaryotic cells become haploid?

A. Nondisjunction B. S phase C. Anaphase of mitosis D. Meiosis I E. Meiosis II

  1. Sister chromatids are made during what part of the cell cycle?

A. Prophase B. G 1 C. G 2 D. S E. Cytokinesis

Short answer (show your work or thinking to get partial credit):

  1. Below are three dividing cells. Assuming that all three cells come from the same species, use the first blank below each cell to tell whether this is mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II and the second blank to tell what stage of mitosis or meiosis the cell is in.
  2. The figure below shows three cells in the process of division. If no additional information is given, can you tell what kind of division is occurring? Fill in the first blank under each cell with mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II. If there is more than one possibility, list all of them. Then fill in the second blank to indicate the stage (phase) of mitosis or meiosis that this cell is in.
  3. Onions have 16 chromosomes. (A) Sketch an onion cell as it would look during metaphase of mitosis, and (B) sketch an onion cell as it would look during anaphase I of meiosis. Label the appropriate cellular structures in both drawings.

cell wall

chromosomes

sister chromatids spindle fibers

  1. For fruit flies, N=4 and 2N=8.

a. Sketch a dividing fruit fly cell which is in prophase I. b. Sketch a dividing fruit fly cell which is in metaphase of mitosis.

  1. Genetic analysis of cancer cells shows that they are usually aneuploid (have more or fewer chromosomes than normal). In addition to dividing rapidly, they also very often have mutations which affect the checkpoints of the cell cycle. Suppose a cell acquires a mutation so that the checkpoint at the end of G 2 is ignored. Explain why the descendants of this cell would be very likely to become aneuploid. Aneuploid cells have extra or missing chromosomes. The main function of the G 2 checkpoint is to ensure that DNA replication is complete before proceeding to mitosis. If this checkpoint is ignored, cells whose DNA replication is incomplete can proceed into division, and it is then easy to imagine that chromosomes could be gained or lost—for example, a chromosome without a sister or a damaged or incomplete sister is likely to result in a monosomy for that chromosome.
  2. For the following questions, assume you are working with a species where 2N = 2.

a. In the space below, draw a cell as it would appear in anaphase I. b. Suppose the individual whose cell you drew is heterozygous for two genes, D and E , and that its mother is homozygous recessive for both genes. Show the alleles of these two genes in your drawing. If 2N=2, there is only one pair of chromosomes. At anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes have paired and separated but the sisters are still attached. Sister chromosomes have to have exactly the same alleles, because they’re duplicates of each other.

c. Is it possible for this individual to produce a gamete with the genotype De? Explain. There is only one pair of chromosomes, so we know the two genes have to be linked (on the same chromosome). This means there is no way for them to line up differently, and they can only be separated by crossing-over. So a De gamete can be produced if crossing-over occurs between these two genes during prophase I.

D

E

d

e

D

E

d

e

D

E

  1. In our sporulation lab, when a yeast cell successfully sporulated, one cell became four smaller spores, all of which were contained within the ascus. Why were there four spores? Sporulation in yeast involves mitosis, so the cell divided twice (meiosis I and meiosis II) to produce four haploid spores.
  2. The amazing Dr. Johnston, yeast biologist extraordinaire, has discovered a new species of yeast that can grow on high-quality chocolate bars. For this particular yeast species, N=3. Like the yeast we worked with in lab, if there’s no chocolate available, a diploid cell can divide by meiosis to produce four haploid spores. In the space below, draw: (A) A diploid yeast cell as it would appear under the microscope during S phase of the cell cycle; (B) The same cell as it would appear during anaphase I; and (C) What one of the spores would look like if we could see its chromosomes.

A B C

chromatin in nucleus