Download Comparison of Circulatory Systems: Open vs. Closed, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Gastrovascular cavity
(in flatworms) cells exchanging materials directly with surrounding medium TERM 2
circulatory system
DEFINITION 2 more complex animals have either open or closed circulatory system. both systems have three basic components; 1. a circulatory fluid (blood or hemolymph) 2. a set of tubes (blood vessels) 3. a muscular pump (the heart) TERM 3
open circulatory system
DEFINITION 3 in insects and other anthropod, and most molluscs, blood bathes the organs directly in an open circulatory system. there is no distinction between blood and interstital fluid. body fluid called is hemolymph TERM 4
closed circulatory system
DEFINITION 4 are more efficient at transporting circulatory fluids to tissues and cells. In a closed system blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstital fluid. TERM 5
Vertebrates (animal with
backbone)
DEFINITION 5 have a closed system
blood vessels
3 types; arteries, veins and capillaries TERM 7
arteries
DEFINITION 7 branch into arterioles and carry blood to capillaries TERM 8
capillary
beds
DEFINITION 8 network of capillaries called capillary beds are the sites of chemical exchange between the blood and interstital fluid TERM 9
venules
DEFINITION 9 converge into veins and return blood from capillaries to the heart TERM 10
vertebrate hearts
DEFINITION 10 contain two or more chambers. blood enters through an atrium and is pumped out through a ventricle
atrioventricular valves
separate each atrium and ventricle TERM 17
aortic and semilunar valves
DEFINITION 17 control blood flow to the aorta and the pulmonary artery TERM 18
blood flow velocity
DEFINITION 18 physical laws affect blood flow and blood pressure. Velocity of blood flow is slowest in the capillary beds, as a result of the high resistance and large total cross-sectional area TERM 19
blood pressure
DEFINITION 19 is the hydrostatic pressure that blood exerts against the wall of a vessel. In rigid vessels blood pressure is maintained; less rigid vessels deform and blood pressure is lost TERM 20
systolic pressure
DEFINITION 20 is the pressure in the arteries during ventricular systole; it is the highest pressure in the arteries
diastolic pressure
is the pressure in the arteries during diastole; it is lower than systolic pressure TERM 22
pulse
DEFINITION 22 is the rhythmic bulging of artery walls with each heartbeat TERM 23
blood pressure
DEFINITION 23 regulation of blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral resistance due to constriction of arterioles TERM 24
vasconstriction
DEFINITION 24 is the contraction of smooth muscles in arteriole walls; in increases blood pressure TERM 25
vasodiliation
DEFINITION 25 is the relaxation of smooth muscles in the arterioles; it causes blood pressure to fall
leukocytes
are white blood cells TERM 32
hypertension
DEFINITION 32 also known as high blood pressure, promotes atherosclerosis and increases the risk of heart attack and stroke TERM 33
gas exchange
DEFINITION 33 it occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces; it supplies oxygen for cellular respiration and disposes of carbon dioxide TERM 34
partial pressure gradient in gas exchange
DEFINITION 34 gases diffuse down pressure gradients in the lungs and other organs as a result of difference in partial pressure TERM 35
Partial pressure
DEFINITION 35 is the pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases
Countercurrent exchange
fish gills use countercurrent exchange system, where blood flows in the opposite direction to water passing over the gills TERM 37
Lungs
DEFINITION 37 are an infolding of the body surface. TERM 38
positive pressure breathing
DEFINITION 38 an amphibian such as a frog ventilates its lungs by positive pressure breathing, which forces air down the trachea TERM 39
negative pressure
DEFINITION 39 mammalians ventilate using negative pressure. when air is inhaled the rib cage expands, diaphragm muscles contract and moves down. when air exhales, rib cage gets smaller as rib muscles relax (diaphragm relaxes and moves up) TERM 40
VO2 max
DEFINITION 40 is a measure of the maximum volume of oxygen that an athlete can use.
