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Bio 172 Exam II Practice Exams, Exercises of Biology

Bio 172 Exam II Practice Exams Bio 172 Exam II Practice Exams

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2024/2025

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Bio 172 Exam II Practice Exams
Which of the following does NOT occur during metabolism?
A. Electron carriers are reduced during fatty acid catabolism.
B. Electron carriers are reduced during amino acid catabolism.
C. Electron carriers are reduced during glucose catabolism.
D. Acetyl CoA is generated during catabolism of fatty acids, amino acids and glucose.
E. None, because all of these options occur during metabolism. - E. None, because all
of these options occur during metabolism.
Protein X is an integral membrane protein in the rough ER. Which of the following
processes helps target protein X to its final destination?
A. Signal recognition particle
B. Hydrophobic signal anchor sequence
C. The golgi apparatus
D. Exocytosis
E. Receptor-mediated endocytosis - A. Signal recognition particle
B. Hydrophobic signal anchor sequence
Which of the following would you expect if a cell was placed in an isotonic solution?
A. There would be a net movement of water out of the cell.
B. There would be a net movement of water into the cell.
C. There would be no net movement of water into or out of the cell.
D. There would be a net movement of solute into the cell.
E. There would be a net movement of solute out of the cell. - C. There would be no net
movement of water into or out of the cell.
Which of the following would never be a product of either glycolysis or fermentation?
A. CO2
B. ADP
C. NAD+
D. ATP
E. Acetyl CoA - E. Acetyl CoA
The following DNA sequence representing a codon was changed from 5' TAT to 5' TAG
in the nontemplate DNA strand. Which of the following best describes the nature of this
change?
a. deletion
b. insertion
c. missense
d. nonsense
e. nonsynonymous - d. nonsense
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Bio 172 Exam II Practice Exams

Which of the following does NOT occur during metabolism? A. Electron carriers are reduced during fatty acid catabolism. B. Electron carriers are reduced during amino acid catabolism. C. Electron carriers are reduced during glucose catabolism. D. Acetyl CoA is generated during catabolism of fatty acids, amino acids and glucose. E. None, because all of these options occur during metabolism. - E. None, because all of these options occur during metabolism. Protein X is an integral membrane protein in the rough ER. Which of the following processes helps target protein X to its final destination? A. Signal recognition particle B. Hydrophobic signal anchor sequence C. The golgi apparatus D. Exocytosis E. Receptor-mediated endocytosis - A. Signal recognition particle B. Hydrophobic signal anchor sequence Which of the following would you expect if a cell was placed in an isotonic solution? A. There would be a net movement of water out of the cell. B. There would be a net movement of water into the cell. C. There would be no net movement of water into or out of the cell. D. There would be a net movement of solute into the cell. E. There would be a net movement of solute out of the cell. - C. There would be no net movement of water into or out of the cell. Which of the following would never be a product of either glycolysis or fermentation? A. CO B. ADP C. NAD+ D. ATP E. Acetyl CoA - E. Acetyl CoA The following DNA sequence representing a codon was changed from 5' TAT to 5' TAG in the nontemplate DNA strand. Which of the following best describes the nature of this change? a. deletion b. insertion c. missense d. nonsense e. nonsynonymous - d. nonsense

Which of the following does not donate an electron to an electron transport chain? a. NADH b. FADH c. H2O d. NADPH e. All of these options donate are correct. - d. NADPH Which of the following does NOT occur during the citric acid cycle? a. ATP is produced b. NADH is produced c. FADH2 is produced d. Carbons originating from glucose are oxidized to CO2. e. ATP is consumed - e. ATP is consumed Which of the following is true of an aquaporin? a. You would expect the inside channel of an aquaporin to contain polar amino acids b. Aquaporins move water from a high to a low solute concentration c. Aquaporins are symporters d. Transport through an aquaporin requires energy e. Aquaporins are not saturable - a. You would expect the inside channel of an aquaporin to contain polar amino acids As electrons flow down the electron transport chain in the mitochondria_____ a. NAD+ and FAD become reduced. b. an electrochemical gradient is established. c. the pH of the mitochondrial matrix decreases. d. water is split to form oxygen. e. the electrons gain free energy. - b. an electrochemical gradient is established. During the Calvin cycle, which of the following does not occur? a. NADPH is reduced during the regeneration phase. b. NADPH is oxidized in the reduction phase. c. ATP is consumed just after carbon fixation and during regeneration. d. G3P exits the cycle. e. RuBP is regenerated. - a. NADPH is reduced during the regeneration phase. All of the options below are true of photosynthesis except? a. The products of the light reaction are necessary to run the Calvin cycle. b. Photosynthesis results in the oxidation of glucose and the reduction of water. c. ATP is produced by chemiosmosis through ATP synthase. d. The Calvin cycle can run in the light or the dark. e. The regeneration of RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate) requires energy. - b. Photosynthesis results in the oxidation of glucose and the reduction of water. Which of the following does NOT occur during glycolysis? a. NADH is produced

Cholesterol is an important component of the plasma membrane because ____. a. it aids in making the membrane more fluid at low temperatures. b. it causes facilitated diffusion. c. it aids in cell-cell recognition. d. it causes the phospholipid bilayer to form. e. it helps transport large polar molecules. - a. it aids in making the membrane more fluid at low temperatures. You treat cells with an H+ uncoupler. Which of the following would result? a. Electron transport would stop. b. The proton gradient would be maintained. c. NADH could not donate to complex I. d. ADP levels would increase. e. ATP levels would increase. - d. ADP levels would increase. If a bacterial cell had a defect in FtsZ, which of the following outcomes would you expect? a. The cell would fail to make ATP. b. The cell would fail to divide. c. The cell would lose motility. d. The cell would lose the rod shape. e. The cell would be unable to attach to surfaces. - b. The cell would fail to divide. You capture images of a tissue using a fluorescence marker for the mitochondria. Which of the following types of microscopy would best image the mitochondria within a large section of tissue? a. Scanning electron microscopy b. Transmission electron microscopy c. Scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy d. Light microscopy e. Light microscopy with the addition of a plasma membrane dye. - c. Scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy Vimentin is an intermediate filament made by mesenchymal cells. Based on your knowledge of cell organization, which of the following takes vimentin from transcription to its final destination? a. mRNA transcribed in the nucleus, translated in the cytosol, protein lacks a localization signal. b. mRNA expressed in the nucleus, translated at the rough ER, modified in the golgi and secreted to the extracellular matrix. c. mRNA expressed in the nucleus, translated in the cytosol, imported back to the nucleus using an N-terminal localization signal. d. mRNA is expressed in the mitochondria and translated in the mitochondria where it functions.

e. mRNA expressed in the nucleus, translated in the cytosol, imported back to the nucleus using no internal localization signal. - a. mRNA transcribed in the nucleus, translated in the cytosol, protein lacks a localization signal. Viroids are infectious RNA molecules that cause plant diseases. Based on your knowledge of cell structure, which of the following is most-likely necessary to transmit viroids from one plant cell to another? a. Gap junctions b. Tight junctions c. Plasmodesmata d. Cellulose e. Pectin - c. Plasmodesmata A person has a defect in an enzyme required for the glycosylation of fibronectin. Which organelle contains the defective enzyme? a. Golgi apparatus b. Lysosome c. Peroxisome d. Nucleus e. Mitochondrion - a. Golgi apparatus Cells with a defect in nucleotide excision repair are exposed to sunlight. Which of the following outcomes would be the most immediate effect? a. Thymine-thymine dimers would persist in the DNA. b. The cell would die. c. Mutation rate would increase. d. An insertion mutation would be generated. e. A deletion mutation would result. - a. Thymine-thymine dimers would persist in the DNA. Which of the following molecules has the most usable potential energy in a cell? a. Acetyl CoA b. NADH c. FADH d. ATP e. CO2 - a. Acetyl CoA During cellular respiration, which of the following does NOT occur? a. Membrane protein complexes become reduced and then oxidized as electrons move through the transport chain. b. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. c. NADH donates electrons to complex 1. d. Electrons are passed to electron acceptors with decreasing electronegativity. e. An electrochemical H+ gradient is established. - d. Electrons are passed to electron acceptors with decreasing electronegativity.

a. To determine whether the plasmid contains the gene of interest we are trying to clone. b. To select for bacteria that were transformed by the plasmid. c. To ensure that the bacteria will express the cloned gene of interest. d. To allow the plasmid to replicate to produce multiple copies of the cloned gene. e. To make sure we are cloning directionally. - b. To select for bacteria that were transformed by the plasmid. Listed below are the pathways involved in the oxidation of glucose.

  1. Glycolysis
  2. Fermentation
  3. Pyruvate processing
  4. Citric acid cycle
  5. Electron transport/Oxidative phosphorylation In which of the pathways above, could ATP be directly produced? a. 1, 2, 3. and 4 b. 2 and 3 c. 1, 4, and 5 d. 4 and 5 e. 2,3, and 4 - c. 1, 4, and 5 The metabolic lifestyle of your body is best described as a. autotroph b. chemoautotroph c. chemoheterotroph d. photoheterotroph e. photoautotroph - c. chemoheterotroph Which of the following occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis? a. Photosystem II is reduced by water b. NADP+ is produced c. H2O is reduced to O d. O2 is the final electron acceptor during photophosphorylation e. Electrons are transferred from antenna molecules to the reaction centers - a. Photosystem II is reduced by water Succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme used in the citric acid cycle. Which of the following would be true of this enzyme in photosynthetic eukaryotic cells? a. Translation of succinate dehydrogenase would require the signal recognition particle (SRP) b. When translated, succinate dehydrogenase would contain an internal signal sequence c. When translated, succinate dehydrogenase would contain an N terminal signal sequence d. When translated, succinate dehydrogenase would not contain a signal sequence

e. Translation of succinate dehydrogenase would occur in the chloroplast - c. When translated, succinate dehydrogenase would contain an N terminal signal sequence All of the following are common characteristics of an ideal cloning (plasmid) vector except: a. Cloning vectors have a multicloning site. b. Cloning vectors have an origin of replication. c. Cloning vectors have an antibiotic resistance gene (marker). d. Cloning vectors replicate autonomously in a bacterial host. e. Cloning vectors are large and replicate with the host chromosome. - e. Cloning vectors are large and replicate with the host chromosome. A mitochondrial protein is typically translated in the cytosol. Just after translation the signal sequence is accidentally deleted. What would you expect to happen to this protein? a. It would be transported to the mitochondria because it functions there. b. It would remain in the cytosol. c. It would be transported to the nucleus since nuclear proteins are translated in the cytosol. d. It would enter the endomembrane system. e. It would leave the cytosol by exocytosis. - b. It would remain in the cytosol. Which of the following is false regarding the proton pump we studied in lecture and discussion? a. It requires ATP hydrolysis b. It is a uniporter c. It establishes a proton gradient d. It is saturable e. It moves protons across a membrane down a concentration gradient - e. It moves protons across a membrane down a concentration gradient What is the purpose of using an antibiotic during the process of cloning? a. To kill all the bacteria carrying the plasmid. b. To select for bacteria carrying the plasmid. c. To allow for ligation of the gene of interest. d. To kill all bacteria in the transformation reaction. e. To allow all bacteria to grow with or without the plasmid. - b. To select for bacteria carrying the plasmid. Which of the following is false in regards to glycolysis? a. Glucose is oxidized to pyruvate. b. NADH is reduced to NAD+. c. ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation. d. Electrons are donated to electron carriers. e. Redox reactions occur. - b. NADH is reduced to NAD+.

d. Secondary active transport; symporter e. Facilitated diffusion - b. Secondary active transport; antiporter Which of the following fatty acids would you expect to have the lowest melting temperature? a. Saturated fatty acids with long tails b. Saturated fatty acids with short tails c. Unsaturated fatty acids with long tails d. Unsaturated fatty acids with short tails e. All fatty acids have the same melting temperature, regardless of tail length or saturation - d. Unsaturated fatty acids with short tails Which of the following correctly pairs the organelle or structure with its function? a. Microfilaments; chromosomal movement b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum; phospholipid synthesis c. Ribosomes; protein modification d. Mitochondrion; sugar production e. Vacuole; photosynthesis - b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum; phospholipid synthesis Which of the following is true of a typical allosteric activator? a. It forms a covalent bond with the active site. b. It binds to the active site and causes a conformational change in the active site. c. It covalently binds to the regulatory site. d. It binds to the active site and causes a conformational change in the regulatory site. e. It binds to the regulatory site and causes a conformational change in the protein. - e. It binds to the regulatory site and causes a conformational change in the protein. Which of the following would occur if cyclic electron transfer failed during photosynthesis under conditions of high sunlight exposure? a. Reactive oxygen species would be generated. b. The electrons would not be able to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. c. The H+ gradient could not be established. d. Cytochrome b6F could not function as an electron carrier. - a. Reactive oxygen species would be generated. Which of the following types of cells does not have carbohydrates located in the extracellular matrix (ECM)? a. Bacteria b. Plants c. Animal d. Chitin containing Fungi e. None, because all have some form of carbohydrates in their ECM - e. None, because all have some form of carbohydrates in their ECM You find a new inhibitor that prevents ATP synthase from functioning. Which of the following would be the most immediate result?

a. Electron transport would halt. b. The proton (H+) gradient would dissipate. c. The proton concentration in the intermembrane space would increase. d. Oxygen could not be used as a final electron acceptor. e. NADH could not donate electrons to complex 1. - c. The proton concentration in the intermembrane space would increase. You prepare small bacterial cells to image intracellular structures at the highest resolution possible. Which of the following microscopy approaches is best suited for this purpose? a. Fluorescence Microscopy b. Light Microscopy c. Transmission Electron Microscopy d. Scanning Electron Microscopy e. Confocal fluorescence Microscopy - c. Transmission Electron Microscopy Which of the following molecules does not contain a beta 1,4 glycosidic linkage? a. Chitin b. Peptidoglycan c. Cellulose d. Glycogen e. None, because all options contain beta 1,4 glycosidic linkages - d. Glycogen If the eukaryotic signal recognition particle (SRP) failed to function, which of the following results would you expect? a. The smooth ER would synthesize less lipids. b. The rough ER would synthesize less proteins. c. mRNA would no longer be exported from the nucleus. d. Microtubules would not form. e. Nothing, because the hydrophobic signal anchor sequence would still function. - b. The rough ER would synthesize less proteins. Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle? a. ATP is consumed. b. CO2 is reduced. c. An H+ gradient is established. d. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) is a product. e. RuBP is regenerated. - c. An H+ gradient is established. Which of the following is false in regards to the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthase during cellular respiration? a. Complex I accepts electrons from NADH b. Complex II accepts electrons from FADH2. c. Electron carriers produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, donate electrons to the ETC. d. Complex IV moves H+ from the intermembrane space to the matrix.