Download Bio 210 Exam 2: Cell Structure and Function - Questions and Answers and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Bio 210 Exam 2 Trident Tech.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
What are the functions of the Rough ER? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ transport and process proteins for secretion out of the membrane What are the functions of the Smooth ER? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ synthesizes lipids and carbs (glycogen), detox of drugs in the liver, and transport vesicles What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ receives and modifies molecules from the ER, and gives rise to secretory vesicles, membrane renewal vesicles, and lysosomes What are the functions of Lysosomes? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ they are small membrane sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes; they break down organic molecules, and recycle worn-out organelles What are the functions of Peroxisomes? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and amino acids; produce hydrogen peroxide as a biproduct, and breaks down water and oxygen What are the functions of Mitochondria? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ -powerhouse of the cell
-site of aerobic respiration -inner membrane is folded into cristae (the matrix=the innermost compartment) What are the functions of ribosomes? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ they are molecular organelles that are made of RNA proteins; each has 2 subunits and it is the site of protein synthesis (amino acids are bonded together) What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ -provides support -holds organelles in place -changing cell shape What are the 3 major components of the cytoskeleton? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ microfilaments, microtubules, and microvilli What are microfilaments and what do they do? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ made of 2 chains of actin; they are involved in changing cell shape, cell division, support, and stabalizing cell junctions What are microtubules and what do they do? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ -made of tubulin protein -form centrioles as 9 mictrotubule triplets -they give rise to spindle during mitosis -form core of cilia and flagella
What are the three different types of RNA? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ -rRNA= in ribosomal subunits -mRNA= carriers instructions for making a protein -tRNA= carries amino acids to ribosomes What is a codon and how many are there all together? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ A sequence of 3 bases in mRNA; 64 all together, 3 of which are stop codons What is translation? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ amino acids are bonded together to make a polypeptide What type of cells are diploid? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Somatic cells; having 2 copies of each (2n) type of chromosome What is the study of tissues? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Histology What are the four major tissue types? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, and Nervous Are there blood vessels in epithelial tissue? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ No What are the general functions of the epithelial tissue? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Protection, selective permeability,
control passage of substances into and out of the body, secrete fluids, and sensation (nerve endings detect stimuli) How do you classify epithelium? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ -Simple= one layer -Stratified= more than one layer -Squamous= flattened plate like -Cuboidal= "box like" -Columnar= Taller or longer than they are wide Which type of gland has ducts and which does not? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Exocrine= has ducts Endocrine= NO ducts, hormones secreted directly into blood What are the three modes of gland secretion? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Merocrine, Apocrine, and Holocrine How does Merocrine secretion work? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Secretion is released by exocytosis How does Apocrine secretion work? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Apical part of the cell is packed with secretory vesicles and breaks off How does Holocrine secretion work? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ The cell rupture to release secretion
What are chondrocytes? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ they are found in cartilage in pits called lacuna, that maintain and forms cartilage What are osteocytes? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ They are found in bone tissue; in pits called lacuna and they maintain and form bone What is in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Collagen fibers, Reticular fibers, and Elastic fibers What are collagen fibers? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ long, straight, unbranched fibers that resist stretching What are reticular fibers? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Branching fibers, that form a network to support lymphatic organs What are elastic fibers made of and where are they found? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Made of elastin protein and found in the skin, arteries and lungs What are some of the functions of CT? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ -physical protection -support and structural framework -bind things together -storage
-transport -immune protection What is Mesenchyme? - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Embryonic CT that has many fibroblasts, semi-fluid ground substance, and gives rise to all other CT
