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BIO 220 BYU EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS, Exams of Biology

BIO 220 BYU EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

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2024/2025

Available from 06/08/2025

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BIO 220 BYU EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Name the 4 Protista that affect humans and HOW they affect us -- Answer ✔✔ 1.
Giardia- contaminated cold water
2. African Sleeping Sickness- transmitted by Tsetse fly
3. Malaria- transmitted by mosquitos
4. Red Tide- Bloom of dinoflagellates that release neurotoxins
What is the life cycle of a trematode? (liver fluke) -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Eggs passed through
human feces
2. snail eat human feces with eggs
3. Cercariae leave snail and burrow into fish
4. Human eat undercooked fish
5. Metacercaria move to liver and become flukes
Life cycle of a cestode (tape worm) -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Human pass eggs through feces
2. cow eats grass with eggs
3. Human eats undercooked meat
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BIO 220 BYU EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Name the 4 Protista that affect humans and HOW they affect us -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Giardia- contaminated cold water

  1. African Sleeping Sickness- transmitted by Tsetse fly
  2. Malaria- transmitted by mosquitos
  3. Red Tide- Bloom of dinoflagellates that release neurotoxins What is the life cycle of a trematode? (liver fluke) -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Eggs passed through human feces
  4. snail eat human feces with eggs
  5. Cercariae leave snail and burrow into fish
  6. Human eat undercooked fish
  7. Metacercaria move to liver and become flukes Life cycle of a cestode (tape worm) -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Human pass eggs through feces
  8. cow eats grass with eggs
  9. Human eats undercooked meat

*strobilization is tapeworms adding segments Describe the life cycle of Malaria -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Uninfected mosquito bites infected human and spits analgesic to numb the spot.

  1. Then spits an anticoagulant to get blood flowing.
  2. It sucks in GAMETOCYTES.
  3. It goes and bites another human and spits the gametocytes into blood stream.
  4. The gametocytes become SPOROZOITES and travel to liver.
  5. Liver cells rupture.
  6. MEROZOITES are released.
  7. They become gametocytes and the cycle continues. Describe Fire Coral's defense mechanism -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Cnidocil is stimulated
  8. The toxic proteins in the NEMATOCYST release calcium ions which increase the osmotic pressure.
  9. Water rushes into the cnidocyte and the resulting pressure on the nematocyst cause the operculum to burst off.
  10. The thread shoots into the victim and toxic proteins flow through the thread and into the victim. clade -- Answer ✔✔ group that evolved from a common ancestor synapomorphy -- Answer ✔✔ a derived characteristic shared by all taxa within a clade (and not shared by anyone else)

What does the Origin of Species discuss? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Descent with modification produces nested hierarchy of relationships

  1. Natural selection is a mechanism for change in natural populations What are the characteristics of a metazoan? -- Answer ✔✔ Metazoan=animal
  2. Eukaryotic
  3. Multicellular
  4. Fixed Body Plan
  5. Motile
  6. Heterotrophic Holocene Mass Extinction -- Answer ✔✔ Caused by humans.
  • climate change
  • habitat loss
  • ocean acidification
  • deforestation What is a protist? How did they come about? How do they feed? -- Answer ✔✔ - Single cell eukaryote
  • Symbiogenesis(endosymbiosis)
  • via phagocytosis/intercellular digestion

How do cilia and flagella work? -- Answer ✔✔ - Cilia have a power stroke and recovery stroke like a rowboat

  • Flagella act like a propeller of a plane and pull the critter through the water. (the doublets flex in sequence to create the propeller motion) Dyein arms of flagellum? -- Answer ✔✔ They do all of the pulling on the doublet adjacent to it Name Type of Test Auto or hetero Diatoms Radiolaria Forams -- Answer ✔✔ Diatoms-silica-autotrophic Radiolaria-silica-heterotrophic Forams-calcium carb.-heterotrophic Evolution of life -- Answer ✔✔ 1.Abiogenesis>>>>prokaryotes 2.Symbiogenesis>>>>eukaryotes 3.Colonial choanoflagellates(opisthakonta)>>>sponges 4.Calcarea sponge larvae>>>Cnidarians
  1. cnidarian planula larvae>>>Platyhelminthes How do Sponges feed? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Flagellum pulls water through
  2. Food gets stuck on microvilli

Predators-seas slugs, some fish, sea stars, sea turtles Spatial competition- other critters trying to grow on same substrate Advantages of a true coelum? -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Has Peritoneum which is a conduit for blood vessels and nerves. Allows the organs to function as integrated unit making them more efficient.

  1. Fluid bathes coelum in oxygen/nutrients and removes waste
  2. The fluid prevents the organs from being crushed. Protostome vs Deuterostome -- Answer ✔✔ Protostome
  • Spiral cleavage
  • blastopore becomes the mouth
  • coelom forms from solid mass of cells Deuterostomes
  • Radial cleavage
  • blastopore becomes the anus
  • coelom forms as pockets....except for the vertebrates!!!! What is interesting about the Cubozoa (box jellyfish)? -- Answer ✔✔ - They have eyes but no brain!
  • And they are the first to get the complex eye. Notable characteristics of Cnidarians -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Blind sac-gastrovascular cavity
  1. Extracellular digestion-the first to have this 3.Amoebocyte cells
  2. Mesoglea- jelly-like substance in-between the two dermises
  3. First animals with a nervous system Difference between shallow and deep stony corals? -- Answer ✔✔ Shallow corals convert UV light to green light which their algae then use for photosynthesis. Deep coral convert blue light into red light for their algae. Both fluoresce. What makes up a coral reef? -- Answer ✔✔ The dead remains of coral make up the reef. The corraline algae cement it all together with calcium carbonate. The zooxanthella live inside the coral. Important characteristics of Platyhelminthes -- Answer ✔✔ 1. Bilateral symmetry-so they can search for food
  4. Acoelomates-no circulatory system. Which means they have to be flat and use diffusion to get nutrients and dispose of waste.