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BIO |\ 225 |\Final |\Exam |\Review |\questions |\with |\
answers
microorganisms |\that |\cause |\disease |\in |\even |\healthy |\individuals |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔primary |\pathogens using |\microbes |\to |\clean |\up |\and |\decontaminate |\toxic |\waste, |
chemical |\spills |\or |\oil |\spills |\is |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔bioremediation in |\which |\domain |\would |\find |\the |\parasitic |\helminths |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔eukarya to |\which |\kingdom |\would |\the |\yeasts |\belong |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔fungi you |\have |\been |\in |\chemotherapy |\for |\the |\treatment |\of |\cancer |\for |\a |
month. |\you |\have |\developed |\a |\Nast |\Aspergillus |(environmental |\mold) |\infection |\in |\your |\bronchial |\tubes. |\what |\type |\of |\pathogen |\have |\you |
encountered? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔opportunistic |\pathogen which |\of |\the |\following |\is |\the |\proper |\way |\to |\type |\a |\scientific |\name |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Staphylococcus |\aureus |(italicized)
which |\of |\the |\following |\is |\not |\true |\about |\normal |\flora |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔they |\can |\never |\cause |\infection what |\scientist |\proved |\biogenesis |\and |\helped |\develop |\the |\Germ |
Theory |\of |\Disease |\as |\well |\as |\a |\process |\to |\help |\extend |\the |\shelf |\life |
of |\beer |\and |\wine |(now |\known |\more |\for |\milk) |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Louis |\Pasteur what |\physician |\introduced |\aseptic |\techniques |\in |\a |\surgical |\setting |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Joseph |\Lister which |\type |\of |\cell |\has |\a |\nucleus |\and |\membrane |\bound |\organelles |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔eukaryotic |\cells what |\is |\the |\term |\for |\an |\aggregated |\assembly |\of |\bacteria |\and |
organic |\material |\within |\a |\host |\that |\commonly |\forms |\on |\catheters, |
prosthetic |\devices |\and |\on |\teeth |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔biofilm bacteria |\which |\have |\a |\spherical |\or |\round |\shape |\are |\called |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔cocci which |\of |\the |\following |\would |\be |\round |\or |\spherical |\cells |\found |\in |
groups |\of |\four |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔tetrads
functions |\of |\the |\prokaryotic |\plasma |\membrane |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔transportation |\of |\materials |\into |\or |\out |\of |\the |\cells; |
ATP |\production; |\photosynthesis |\in |\certain |\prokaryotic |\cells NOT |\production |\of |\proteins |(protein |\synthesis) the |\process |\by |\which |\bacteria |\in |\a |\dormant |\endospore |\state |\returns |\to |\the |\vegetative |\state |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔sporulation which |\of |\the |\following |\provides |\the |\shape |\of |\the |\prokaryotic |\cell |
and |\protection |\from |\osmotic |\pressure |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔cell |
wall which |\are |\found |\in |\a |\Gram |\positive |\cell |\wall |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔peptidoglycan, |\NAG, |\NAM, |\teichoic |\acid NOT |\Lipid |\A |(endotoxin) _______ |\store |\materials |\required |\by |\bacteria |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔inclusion |\bodies what |\waxy |\material |\is |\found |\in |\the |\cell |\walls |\of |\mycobacterium |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔mycolic |\acid organelles |\used |\for |\locomotion |\by |\protozoans |\are |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔cilia, |\pseudopods, |\flagella
NOT |\axial |\filaments since |\malaria |\results |\in |\lysis |\of |\red |\blood |\cells, |\one |\symptom |\of |
malaria |\is |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔anemia which |\is |\matched |\incorrectly?
- |\malaria; |\mosquito
- |\balantidiasis |(caused |\by |\Balantidium); |\pigs
- |\trichomoniasis; |\kissing |\bug
- |\toxoplasmosis; |\cat
- |\trypanosomiasis |(African |\sleeping |\sickness); |\tsetse |\fly |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔3. |\trichomoniasis; |\kissing |\bug an |\example |\of |\a |\flagellate |\parasite |(Mastigophora) |\is |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Giardia some |\protozoans |\can |\form |_________ |\that |\allow |\them |\to |\survive |
environmental |\hardships |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔cysts to |\whom |\would |\toxoplasmosis |\be |\most |\dangerous |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔a |\fetus
fungi |\that |\can |\grow |\as |\a |\mold |\or |\as |\a |\yeast |\are |\referred |\to |\as |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔dimorphic where |\do |\the |\fungi |\that |\cause |\systemic |\or |\deep |\mycosis |\typically |
enter |\the |\body |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔lungs what |\is |\the |\enzyme |\used |\in |\DNA |\replication |\that |\unwinds |\the |
supercoiled, |\packaged |\DNA |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔topoisomerase which |\is |\a |\characteristic |\of |\RNA |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔the |\sugar |
in |\RNA |\is |\ribose which |\of |\the |\following |\base |\pairs |\is |\mismatched: adenine; |\thymine guanine; |\uracil cytosine; |\guanine adenine; |\uracil |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔guanine; |\uracil contain |\anticodons |\that |\match |\the |\codons |\sued |\to |\specify |\which |
amino |\acid |\should |\be |\added |\to |\the |\growing |\polypeptide |\chain |
during |\protein |\synthesis |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔tRNA's
ribosomes |\are |\the |\sites |\of |________ |\and |\are |\composed |\of |\rRNA |\and |
_________ |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔translation; |\proteins in |\DNA |\replication |\what |\is |\the |\name |\of |\the |\strand |\that |\is |\copied |\in |
fragments |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔lagging |\strand in |\the |\process |\of |\DNA |\replication, |\which |\of |\the |\following |\is |
responsible |\for |\making |\the |\RNA |\primer |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔primase in |\bacteria, |\the |\production |\of |\enzymes |\to |\digest |\lactose |\only |\occurs |\when |\lactose |\is |\present. |\since |\these |\genes |\are |"off" |\unless |\turned |"on", |\this |\is |\an |\example |\of |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔inducible |
operon which |\type |\of |\mutation |\results |\in |\the |\addition |\of |\one |\wrong |\amino |
acid |\as |\a |\result |\of |\one |\base |\replacing |\another |\in |\a |\DNA |\sequence |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔missense |\mutatopm transcription |\ends |\when |\RNA |\polymerase |\reaches |\a |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔terminator which |\method |\of |\DNA |\repair |\uses |\light |\to |\repair |\thymine |\dimers |
that |\have |\been |\causes |\by |\UV |\light |\exposure |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔photoactivation
-live |\in |\extreme |\environments |\like |\polar |\caps, |\boiling |\springs, |
deserts -prokaryotic prions |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔-acellular -brain |\infections -abnormally |\folded |\proteins clinical |\significance |\of |\plasmids |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔-help |\cause |\infection -virulent |\genes -resistant |\genes |\against |\antibiotics clinical |\significance |\of |\cell |\walls |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔-target |\for |
antibiotics -human |\cells |\do |\not |\have |\these clinical |\significance |\of |\axial |\filaments |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔-help |
cause |\infection -burrow |\their |\way |\inside |\the |\body |\through |\tissues |\or |\muscles list |\and |\describe |\two |\methods |\of |\horizontal |\gene |\transfer |(transfer |
of |\DNA |\between |\a |\donor |\cell |\and |\a |\recipient |\cell) |- |\CORRECT |\
ANSWERS |\✔✔1. |\conjugation |- |\involves |\two |\living |\cells; |\recipient |\and |\donor |\direct |\connect |\via |\pili |\and |\donor |\gives |\plasmids |\and |
chromosomes |\to |\recipient
- |\transduction |- |\involves |\a |\virus |\cell |\and |\a |\living |\cell; |\viruses |\attach |\to |\a |\living |\cell |\and |\gives |\DNA |\to |\living |\cell |\or |\virus |\releases |\DNA |
and |\living |\cell |\picks |\it |\up two |\things |\capsules |\can |\do |\to |\help |\the |\microbe |\fight |\infection |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔1. |\prevent |\phagocytosis |(slimy |\layer |\so |\cells |
cannot |\attach |\to |\bacteria |\cell) - |\attachment |\to |\tissue effects |\a |\virus |\can |\have |\on |\a |\host |\cell |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔formation |\of |\viral |\inclusions |\in |\host |\cells; |\lysing |\host |\cells; |
fusion |\of |\host |\cells |(syncytia) NOT |\production |\of |\endotoxins |\to |\kill |\host |\cells infectious |\protein |\that |\is |\abnormally |\folded |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔prion the |\protein |\that |\surrounds |\the |\viral |\nucleic |\acid |\is |\called |\the |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔capsid
which |\virus |\is |\associated |\with |\liver |\cancer |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔hepatitis |\B what |\is |\required |\to |\culture |\a |\bacteriophage |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔lawn |\culture |\of |\prokaryotic |\cells after |\microbes |\get |\into |\a |\host |\cell |\and |\attach |\to |\the |\tissue |\surface, |
what |\must |\they |\do |\next |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔survive |\or |\defeat |
the |\host |\defenses can |\be |\used |\by |\some |\pathogens |\to |\adhere |\to |\host |\tissue |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔capsules infectious |\dose |\of |\50% |(ID50) |\refers |\to |\the |\number |\of |
microorganisms |\required |_________ |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔for |\50% |
of |\exposed |\individuals |\to |\show |\signs |\of |\infection ________ |\causes |\the |\formation |\fibrin |\blood |\clots, |\whereas |________ |
breaks |\down |\these |\clots |\down |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔coagulase; |
kinase characteristics |\of |\endotoxins |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔induce |\fever |
in |\the |\host |\cell; |\are |\released |\when |\the |\cell |\dies; |\located |\in |\the |\cell |
wall |\of |\Gram-negative |\bacteria
NOT |\have |\very |\specific |\organ |\or |\organ |\system |\specific |\effects mechanisms |\that |\bacteria |\can |\use |\to |\inhibit |\phagocytosis |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔capsules; |\leukocidins; |\mycolic |\acid NOT |\inclusions you |\have |\had |\surgery |\to |\remove |\an |\inflamed |\appendix. |\you |\have |
developed |\a |\post-surgical |\infection |\at |\the |\incision |\site. |\what |\is |\the |
portal |\of |\entry |\be |\for |\this |\infection |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔parenteral |\route which |\of |\the |\following |\bacterial |\defense |\enzymes |\can |\kill |\white |
blood |\cells |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔leukocidin what |\type |\of |\exotoxin |\causes |\diarrhea |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔vibrio |(cholera) |\toxin an |\individual |\who |\seems |\healthy |\cut |\can |\infect |\others |\with |\disease- causing |\pathogens |\is |\known |\as |\a |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔carrier contact |\transmission |\may |\occur |\indirectly |\when |\a |\nonliving |
intermediate |\called |\a |_______ |\is |\involved |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔fomite
- |\secondary |\infection |- |\symptoms |\reoccur |\occasionally |\for |\years |
after |\an |\initial |\infection |(ex. |\genital |\herpes) - |\acute |\infection: |\rapid |\onset |\of |\symptoms
- |\focal |\infection: |\original |\location |\of |\spreading |\infection |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔3. |\secondary |\infection |- |\symptoms |\reoccur |
occasionally |\for |\years |\after |\an |\initial |\infection an |\element |\required |\by |\bacteria |\specifically |\for |\the |\synthesis |\of |
both |\amino |\acids |\and |\nucleic |\acids |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔nitrogen you |\inoculated |\a |\thioglycollate |\broth |\with |\an |\unknown |\bacterium |
and |\after |\overnight |\incubation |\you |\observe |\that |\growth |\is |\restricted |\to |\the |\area |\at |\the |\bottom |\of |\the |\tube. |\your |\bacterium |\is |\exhibiting |\a |\growth |\pattern |\characteristic |\of |\an |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔obligate |\anaerobe what |\is |\the |\phase |\in |\the |\bacterial |\growth |\curve |\where |\the |\cells |\are |
adjusting |\to |\a |\new |\environment |\and |\not |\yet |\dividing |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔lag |\phase heterotrophs |\obtain |\carbon |\by |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔recycling |
the |\carbon |\of |\preexisting |\biological |\molecules |(ingesting |\these |
molecules)
bacteria |\requiring |\very |\specific |\growth |\factors |\to |\survive |\are |
classified |\as |__________ |\bacteria |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔fastidious obligate |\aerobe |\refers |\to |\an |\organism |\that |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔must |\have |\oxygen |\or |\it |\will |\die the |\time |\it |\takes |\for |\a |\cell |\to |\divide |\and |\for |\a |\population |\of |\cells |\to |\double |\is |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔generation |\time method |\of |\measuring |\microbial |\growth |\is |\used |\for |\samples |\with |
high |\cell |\numbers, |\requires |\incubation, |\and |\gives |\a |\viable |\cell |\count |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔plate |\count if |\a |\bacterial |\cell |\is |\placed |\in |\a |_______ |\solution, |\it |\loses |\water |\by |\a |
process |\referred |\to |\as |_________ |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔hypertonic; |\plasmosis facilitated |\diffusion |\in |\bacteria |\require |\a |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔permease |\or |\carrier |\protein what |\phase |\of |\the |\bacterial |\growth |\curve |\represents |\best, |\fastest |
growth |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔exponential |(log) |\phase
a |\bacteriostatic |\agent |\is |\one |\that |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔inhibits |
or |\halts |\the |\growth |\of |\the |\microbe which |\of |\the |\following |\could |\be |\used |\to |\sterilize |\plastic |\pipettes |\in |
plastic |\wrappers? autoclaves incineration ionizing |\radiation ultraviolet |\radiation |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ionizing |\radiation which |\of |\the |\following |\gas |\that |\can |\sterilize? peracetic |\acid chlorine phenol ethylene |\oxide |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ethylene |\oxide examples |\of |\targets |\for |\disinfectants |\and |\antiseptics |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔cellular |\synthetic |\processes; |\cell |\wall; |\plasma |
membrane; |\protein |\structure what |\would |\slow |\the |\death |\rate |\of |\microbes |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔treatment |\with |\a |\chemical |\at |\cold |\temperature
what |\oxidizing |\agent |\can |\be |\used |\to |\disinfect |\wounds |\as |\well |\as |
nonliving |\surfaces |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔hydrogen |\peroxide which |\of |\the |\following |\can |\be |\used |\to |\sterilize |\media |\in |\the |
microbiology |\lab? boiling autoclaving lyophilization osmotic |\pressure |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔autoclaving which |\of |\the |\following |\is |\one |\of |\the |\oldest |\antimicrobial |\agents |\and |\can |\be |\used |\as |\a |\tincture |\on |\cuts |\or |\in |\combination |\with |\a |
detergent |\to |\prepare |\skin |\for |\surgery |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔iodine what |\heat |\free |\process |\penetrates |\objects |\well |\and |\produces |
mutations |\that |\damage |\and |\kill |\cells |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔ionizing |\radiation list |\the |\steps |\of |\the |\viral |\lysogenic |\cycle |\that |\are |\different |\from |\the |
lytic |\cycle |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔integration, |\prophage, |\and |
induction
