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BIO 2401 FINAL EXAM 2025 HUMAN ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY II
the plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is called coronal plane the plane that divides the body equally into left and right midsagittal a transverse plane separates the body into superior and inferior The study of body structure anatomy anatomical position implies all these statements except palms in proration ; feet together when describing any region of the body the appropriate position is called anatomical position what direction is the sternum to your ribs medial the breast are _____ to the navel superior and lateral the directional term which means : far away from the midline is ____
lateral developmental anatomy implies embryology the directional term that means close to the body's midline is: medial the study of the body's function is called physiology direction wise, the pinky is __________ to the thumb medial direction wise, the big toe is _________ to the other toes medial the ability of the body to maintain a constant internal environment homeostasis the inspiratory muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity is diaphragm We have an expert-written solution to this problem! the sum of all the chemical reactions taking place in the body are called metabolism oxidation only the patellar region is ____ to the popliteal region anterior
the negatively charged particles of an atom are identified as electrons a carbohydrate made up of a repetitive sequence of monosaccharides will be identified as polysaccharides this polysaccharide used by the skeletal muscle and the liver as a storage form for glucose is glycogen the building block for protein is amino acids chemistry wise all enzymes are proteins proteins are also called polypeptides true or false true a sick patient who has lost fluid and electrolytes will be deficient in all, except: lipids grandpa peanut is diabetic ; he doesn't know about insulin ; what will you tell him it is made up of protein
the main energy supplier for the cell is ATP the lipids that originate from cholesterol are called steroids if a fatty acid lack double bonds it will be classified as saturated fat this class of lipids called ____ makes up the flour portion of the cell membrane phospholipids none of these organic compounds are eicosanoids, except leukotriene and prostaglandins in dna adenine binds to thymine and guanine binds to cytosine true or false true in rna adenine binds to uracyl and the pentose is dexyribose true or false false during transcription synthesis or mrna which codon will result from : tgg and att acg/uaa during synthesis these two processes are involved Transcription followed translation
- extra cellular matrix and cells
- ground substance and epithelial tissue tissue only
- neurons and osteoclast only
- epithelium mixed with muscle fibers extracellular matrix and cells which statement is untrue? epithelial tissue : have blood vessels areolar connective tissue is found in the ligaments and tendons the epithelium which has all of it cells on the basement membrane but not all of them reach the surface and gives and impression of multilayered tissue will be classified as : paeudostratified epithelium a connective tissue uniquely made up of chondrocytes, perichondrium and their extracellular matrix does not exhibit any presence of collagen fibers would be categorize as: fibrocartilage the inner layer of the hair medulla hair bulbs the glands which become active during puberty and secrete pheromones are apocrine sweat glands the skin is made up of three layers the most superficial layer is called epidermis
these two layers make up the stratum germinativum stratum spinosum and basale largest organ in the body skin the type of active cell movement where a cell engulf the bacteria is phagocytosis the connective tissue which attaches the muscle to the bone is tendon what fat soluble vitamin is synthesized by the skin when one is exposed to sun vitamin D calcitriol rickets ; what vitamin to take? vitamin D calcitriol the integumentary system preform all of these functions except
- production of vitamin c
- protection against uv light
- protection against infection
- thermoregulation
- blood storage production of vitamin c the nerve ending sensitive to deep pressure is pacinian corpuscle
when bone is formed from hyaline cartilage the calcification is called endochondral the basic unit of compact bone is called A & B ; haversian system , osteon the bone cells which destroy bone is called osteoclasts the bone cells which produce the extracellular matrix is osteoblast the pectoral girdle is made up of the clavicle and scapula the hipbones consist of ischium , pubis , ilium the epiphyseal plate is located in the metaphysis the first and second cervical vertebra are respectively called atlas and axis a good example of ball and socket joint is hip joint & shoulder joint
among these bones which one is not a cranial bone
- sphenoid
- frontal
- zygomaticus
- ethmoid
- temporal zygomaticus which bone is not part of the appendicular skeleton
- femur fibula tibia
- phalanges radius ina
- metacarpal bones carpal bone & humerus
- vomer maxilla and mandible vomer maxilla and mandible in the human body there are a total of how many phalanges 56 phalanges the sella turcica houses pituitary gland in the adult the spinal chord stops at the level of L1 & L which statement is correct? a human body has normally
- 7 cervical vertebra
- 14 thoracic vertebra
- 9 sacral vertebra 7 cervical vertebra
the epiphysis is either proximal or distal to metaphysis and it's covered by the hyaline cartilage true or false false meniscus and fibrocartilage pads are found in the knew joint skeletal muscles are : striated and voluntary attached to skeleton contain myosin actin the connective tissue which surrounds the fascicles is perimyssium one of these is not a property of muscle tissue produce cellulose and starch oxygen debt lactic acid buildup and reduction or atp will result in muscle fatigue the distance between z ling to z line defines sacrament or basic unit of the skeleton muscle a motor unit is a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates the storage site of ca 2 + in the myofiber is sarcoplasmic reticulum
amount all these cells only cell is multinucleated is myofiber and myofilaments the integrated discs are junctions found uniquely between adjacent cells of the muscle cells are cardiac lady tofu , her muscle tone increases but muscle length stayed the same , what type of contraction isometric the skeleton muscle is called striated because is contains alternating thick filaments myosin and thin filaments actin which of these statements are true
- smooth muscle are called visceral muscle and are involuntary
- smooth muscle have a specialized autorythmic pacemaker
- smooth muscle have a specialized striated muscle are voluntary smooth muscle are called visceral muscle and are involuntary the cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle cell is known as the ____ sarcoplasm / sarcolemma the moveable point of attachment of a muscle is identified as insertion a muscle helps another muscle to perform a smooth action is synergist
Which of these lubes of the cerebrum plays a critical role in memory, equilibrium, and hearing: temporal lobe Which of these lobes play a critical role in vision: occipital lobe what portion of the brain relays the message from the spinal cord to the cerebellum diencephalon all of these cranial nerves are derived from the brain stem except
- optic nerve
- hypoglossal nerve
- facial nerve optic nerve the main structure which controls the breathing rate heart rate sneezing and coughing is medulla oblongata the space between the dura mater and the periosteum is called epidural space which statement is not correct
- all endocrine gland have duct
- all endocrine gland are ductless
- all endocrine gland produce hormone all endocrine gland have duct the birth control pill contains progesterone and
estrogen the hormone which lowers blood sugar is insulin the hyperglycemia is caused by glucagon the mineralocorticoid involved in sodium reabsorption and secretion of potassium by the kidneys is aldosterone fsh in the male stimulates sperm production what hormones induces ovulation LH this hormone is not produced by the pituitary gland
- fsh
- oxytocin
- lh
- melatonin
- tsh melatonin this hormone induces labor uterine contractions and milk let down is oxytocin
