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BIO 250 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers A+ Graded.
Are algae prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - Answereukaryotic
Algae are ______________ and __________________-bound organelles. - Answernucleus, membrane
Algae are photo______________. - Answersynthetic
Algae are found in ___________water and marine environments. - Answerfresh
Fungi found in single-cell organisms are: - Answeryeast(s)
Fungi found in multi-cellular organisms are: - Answermold(s)
Is fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - Answereukaryotic
Fungi is widely distributed in water and soil as ____________________ of dead organisms. - Answerdecomposers
Some fungi are important in: - Answermedicine
Are viruses cellular or acellular? - Answeracellular
Viruses are composed of _______________ (RNA or DNA) and ______________. - Answernucleic acid, protein
_______________________ are viruses that infect bacteria. - Answerbacteriophage
Nucleic acid without a protein coating (half-virus): - Answerviroids
Infectious proteinaceous particles: - Answerprions
Protozoa are ___________-celled. - Answersingle
Are protozoa prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - Answereukaryotic
Do protozoa have a nucleus? - Answeryes
Protozoa are found in a variety of ____________ and __________ environments. - Answerwater, soil
Who first created the microscope with slices of cork? - AnswerRobert Hooke
States that microorganisms can invade other organisms and cause disease: - Answer(the) germ theory of disease
Who developed/created the germ theory of disease? - AnswerRobert Koch
Robert Koch lived from _________ to __________. - Answer1843, 1910
Louis Pasteur developed the technique of _________________________ to kill unwanted microorganisms. - Answerpasteurization
Pasteur further contributed to science by associating specific ________________ with particular _________________. - Answerorganisms, diseases
Who is credited with the development of vaccines? - Answer(Louis) Pasteur
Pasteur tested his first human vaccine on what animal? - Answerbunnies
What vaccine did Pasteur first test? - Answerrabies
Koch's postulate #1: The microbe must be present in every case of the disease but absent from: - Answerhealthy organisms
Koch's postulate #2: The suspected microbe must be ____________________ and grown in a pure culture. - Answerisolated
Koch's postulate #3: The same disease must result when the isolated microbe is inoculated into a: - Answerhealthy host
Koch's postulate #4: The same microbe must be isolated again from the: - Answerdiseased host
What type of molecule is agar? - Answerpolysaccharide
Who suggested that agar could be used as a solidifying agent? - AnswerFannie Hesse
Who developed the petri dish which was used to contain the solid culture media (agar and nutrients)? - AnswerRichard Petri
Robert Koch used suggested/developed techniques to isolate the bacterium that caused: - Answertuberculosis
What was the first virus ever discovered? - Answertobacco mosaic virus
The type of chemical bond tat results from the attraction between ions that have opposite charges: - Answerionic
The type of chemical bond that results from strong bonds that share electrons: - Answercovalent
Polar covalent bonds mean the electrons are shared __________________. - Answerunequally
Nonpolar covalent bonds mean the electrons are shared __________________. - Answerequally
Chemical reactions typically involve the use of energy to form chemical bonds and the release of energy as chemical bonds are: - Answerbroken
The breakdown of substances with the release of energy (exergonic):
The synthesis of substances with energy used to create bonds (endergonic): - Answeranabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism: - Answermetabolism
A hydrogen ion (H+) or proton donor: - Answeracid
A proton acceptor, or a hydroxyl ion (OH-) donor: - Answerbase
Scale that relates proton concentration to pH (logarithmic scale): - AnswerpH scale
The study of compounds that occur in living systems: - Answerorganic chemistry
Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that occur in _______________ systems. - Answerliving
Name the four major classes of large, complex biochemical molecules in order of smallest to largest. - Answercarbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is the largest class of biochemical molecules? - Answernucleic acid(s)
_______________________ serve as the main source of energy (ATP) for most living things. - Answercarbohydrates
________________ is carbohydrate's storage form of energy in animals and makes starch in plants. - Answerglycogen
Covalent bond that links an amino group of one amino acid to carboxyl group of another: - Answerpeptide bonds
How many structures of proteins are there total? - Answer 4
The _______________ structure of proteins consists of the specific amino acids in a polypeptide chain. - Answerprimary
The ________________ structure of proteins consists of the folding or coiling or amino acids chains into a particular pattern. - Answersecondary
In what structure of proteins are the hydrogen bonds formed? - Answersecondary (structure)
The _________________ structure of proteins is folding of the protein into globular shapes or fibrous threadlike strands. - Answertertiary
The __________________ structure of proteins is the association of several tertiary-structured polypeptide chains. - Answerquaternary
_________________ proteins contribute to the three-dimensional structure of cells, cell parts, and membranes. - Answerstructural
Protein catalysts: - Answerenzymes
Substances that control the rate of chemical reactions in cells: - Answerenzymes
Nucleotides join to form: - Answernucleic acids
A function of nucleotides and nucleic acids is the storage of energy in _______-energy bonds. - Answerhigh
A function of nucleotides and nucleic acids is to store information that directs protein _________________. - Answersynthesis
A function of nucleotides and nucleic acids is that information can be transferred from parent to ______________ (they make up the genes). - Answerprogeny
Name the 3 components of a nucleotide. - Answer(a) nitrogenous base, (a) five-carbon sugar, one or more phosphate groups
A nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar create a: - Answernucleoside
The smallest chemical unit of matter: - Answeratom
-Karyon means: - Answernucleus
Cell walls are not in _____________ cells. - Answeranimal
The similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are ____________ membranes, ___NA, and cell walls in ___________ cells. - Answerplasma, D, plant
_____karyotic DNA is in a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. - Answereu
_____karyotic DNA is in a nuclear region NOT surrounded by a membrane. - Answerpro
____________ is a relatively new concept in biological classification.
The highest category of biological classification: - Answerdomain
The 3 domains are _____________(ancient), ______________ (eubacteria), and _____________. - Answerarchaea, bacteria, eukarya
The arrangement of bacteria can be cocci in __________, cocci in ____________, rods in _____________, and cocci in ______________. - Answerpairs, chains, chains, clusters
Name the arrangement of the bacteria, Neisseria sp. - Answercocci in pairs
Name the arrangement of the bacteria, Streptococcus sp. - Answercocci in chains
Name the arrangement of the bacteria, Lactobacillus sp. - Answerrods in chains
Name the arrangement of the bacteria, Staphylococcus sp. - Answercocci in clusters
The single most important component of bacterial cell walls is: - Answerpeptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan is made up of two alternation sugar units. What are they? (Name abbreviations) - AnswerNAG and NAM
The sugars of peptidoglycan are joined by short peptide chains that consist of __________ amino acids called ______________________.
- Answerfour, tetrapeptides
Lipopolysaccharides are used to ID gram-________________ bacteria. - Answernegative
What is released when the cell walls of bacteria are broken down? - Answerlipopolysaccharides
Lipopolysaccharides consist of (2): - Answerpolysaccharides and lipid A
The area between the cell membrane and the cell wall in gram- negative bacteria: - Answerperiplasmic space
What is the active area of cell metabolism? - Answerperiplasmic space
The periplasmic space contains the cell __________, ________________ enzymes, and _________________ proteins. - Answerwall, digestive, transport
Gram-_________________ bacteria lack both an outer membrane and a periplasmic space. - Answerpositive
Ribosomes consist of ribonucleic acid and protein and also serve as the site of: - Answerprotein synthesis
True or false: Ribosomes are abundant in the cytoplasm of bacteria. - Answertrue
Ribosomes are often grouped in long chains called: - Answerpolyribosomes
Ribosomes are _____S in bacteria and ______S in eukaryotes. - Answer70, 80
__________________ and _____________________ bind specifically to 70S ribosomes and disrupt bacterial protein synthesis. - Answerstreptomycin, erythromycin
A specialized resting structure found in bacteria such as Bacillus Sp. and Clostridium Sp: - Answerendospores
________________ helps the bacterial wall survive when conditions become unfavorable. - Answerendospores
________________ are resistant to heat, drying, acids, bases, certain disinfectants, and radiation. - Answerendospores
Single flagella at one pole: - Answermonotrichous
Two flagella, one at each end: - Answeramphitrichous
______________ transport is when the cell expends energy from ATP, enabling it to transport substances against a concentration gradient. - Answeractive
What is the major difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion? - Answertype of protein
True or false: There is ATP present during facilitated diffusion. - Answerfalse
Filtration makes pressure go from _________ to _________. - Answerhigh, low
Does active transport use ATP? - Answeryes
Diffusion is the movement from high to low _______________________. - Answerconcentration
Filtration is the movement from high to low ____________________.
Dialysis is the movement of: - Answersolutes
Name the 3 types of endocytosis. - Answerphagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis
Exocytosis is a type of _______ transport (answer NOT active). - Answerbulk
What is the normal percentage level of NaCl in the body? - Answer0.9%
Protoplasts are enzymes that digest ________________________. - Answerpeptidoglycan
Do spheroplasts have a cell wall? - Answerno
Protoplasts are in gram-_______________ bacteria. - Answerpositive
Spheroplasts are in gram-_________________ bacteria. - Answernegative
The antibiotic penicillin blocks the final stages of ______________________. - Answerpeptidoglycan
The enzyme, _________________, found in tears and other human body secretions, digests peptidogylcan. - Answerlysozyme
