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BIO || 669 || Exam || 2 || with || precise || detailed ||
answers
Thromboangiitis || obliterans || (Buergers || disease) || is || an || autoimmune || condition || that || is: a. || A || result || of || over || activation || of || the || intrinsic || and || extrinsic || clotting || system || systemically b. || Characterized || by || attacks || of || vasospasm || in || the || small || arteries || and || arterioles || of || the || fingers || and || toes c. || Strongly || associated || with || smoking d. || Associated || with || janeway || lesions || and || Oslers || Nodes || - || Correct || answer || ✔c. || Strongly || associated || with || smoking Which || of || the || following || is || not || a || systemic || disease || that || is || associated || with || Raynaud's || Phenomenon? a. || Congestive || heart || failure b. || Collagen || vascular || diseases || such || as || scleroderma c. || Pulmonary || hypertension d. || Myxedema || or || smoking || - || Correct || answer || ✔a. || Congestive || Heart || Failure
Which || of || the || following || is || NOT || a || primary || factor || in || determining || preload? a. || Venous || return || during || diastole b. || End || systolic || volume c. || Total || peripheral || (systemic) || resistance d. || All || of || the || above || are || primary || factors || of || preload || - || Correct || answer || ✔c. || Total || peripheral || (systemic) || resistance Which || of || the || following || statements || are || INCORRECT a. || The || mean || arterial || pressure || is || the || average || force || of || pushing || blood || through || the || systemic || circuit. b. || The || pulse || pressure || is || the || difference || between || systolic || and || diastolic || pressures c. || A || decrease || in || aortic || compliance || increases || its || stiffness || and || thus || can || lead || to || an || increase || in || pulse || pressures d. || Prostacyclins, || which || are || diminished || by || NSAIDs, || are || vasoconstrictors. || - || Correct || answer || ✔d. || Prostacyclins, || which || are || diminished || by || NSAIDS, || are || vasoconstrictors Which || of || the || following || is || incorrect || regarding || the || isometric || contraction || phase || of || the || cardiac || cycle?
d. || Stimulates || increased || heart || rate, || contractility, || and || cardiac || output || - || Correct || answer || ✔b. || Stimulate || the || release || of || Na+ || (thus || increasing || urine || volume) || from || the || kidneys The || double || layered || serous || membrane || surrounding || the || heart || that || functions || to || minimize || friction || from || the || heart || movement || is || the: A. || Myocardium B. || Endocardium C. || Peritoneum D. || Pericardium || - || Correct || answer || ✔D. || Pericardium Prinzmetal || angina || is: a. || A || transient || ischemia || of || the || myocardium || that || occurs || unpredictably b. || Myocardial || ischemia || that || may || not || cause || detectable || symptoms c. || Ischemia || that || occurs || after || a || predictable || amount || of || exercise d. || The || rupture || of || an || unstable || plaque || - || Correct || answer || ✔a. || A || transient || ischemia || of || the || myocardium || that || occurs || unpredictably
Progressive || venous || distension || of || the || head || and || upper || extremities || resulting || from || growth || of || a || cancerous || tumor || on || the || right || mainstem || bronchus || is || best || described || clinically || by: A. || Deep || vein || thrombosis B. || Spinal || shock C. || Superior || vena || cava || syndrome D. || Carcinoid || syndrome || - || Correct || answer || ✔C. || Superior || Vena || Cava || Syndrome The || most || common || cause || of || aneurysm || is: A. || External || Hematoma B. || Atherosclerosis || with || hypertension C. || Genetics D. || Congestive || heart || failure || - || Correct || answer || ✔B. || Atherosclerosis || with || hypertension An || atherosclerotic || area || that || has || ruptured || is || termed || a: A. || Fibrous || plaque B. || Complicated || plaque
The || structures || that || connect || the || leaflets/cusps || and || help || to || prevent || prolapse || of || the || AV || valves || is || the: A. || Chordae || tendineae || and || papillary || muscles B. || Cardiomyocytes C. || Interventricular || septum D. || Coronary || ostia || - || Correct || answer || ✔A. || Chordae || tendineae || and || papillary || muscles Hypertensive || crisis || (malignant || hypertension) || is || best || defined || as: A. || An || advancing || failure || of || systemic || circulation || as || the || heart || weakens B. || Rapidly || progressive || hypertension || with || a || diastolic || pressure || of || 140 || mmHg || or || more C. || A || pulse || pressure || of || greater || than || 60 D. || Blood || pressure || readings || consistently || greater || than || 140/90 || mmHg || - || Correct || answer || ✔B. || Rapidly || progressive || hypertension || with || a || diastolic || pressure || of || 140 || mmHg || or || more Intermittent || claudication || is: A. || Caused || by || coronary || artery || disease B. || A || sign || of || peripheral || artery || disease
C. || An || attack || of || vasospasm || brought || on || by || the || cold D. || A || result || of || peripheral || neuropathy || - || Correct || answer || ✔B. || A || sign || of || peripheral || artery || disease Stroke || volume: A. || Does || not || affect || the || cardiac || index B. || Is || equal || to || ESV || - || EDV C. || Does || not || vary || much D. || None || of || the || above || are || true || - || Correct || answer || ✔D. || None || of || the || above || are || true A || T || wave || relates || to || ______ || and || shortly || precedes || the || closure || of || the || _____ || valves. A. || Ventricular || depolarization, || AV B. || Ventricular || depolarization, || SL C. || Ventricular || repolarization, || AV D. || Ventricular || repolarization, || SL
A. || Myocardial || cells || that || are || persistently || ischemic || and || undergo || metabolic || adaptation || to || prolong || survival B. || Hypertrophy || that || occurs || with || loss || of || contractile || function C. || Temporary || loss || of || contractile || function || that || persists || for || hours || to || days || after || restoration || of || perfusion D. || Fibroblast || proliferation || and || severe || inflammatory || response || - || Correct || answer || ✔A. || Myocardial || cells || that || are || persistently || ischemic || and || undergo || metabolic || adaptation || to || prolong || survival A || thrombus || is || a || blood || clot || that || remains || attached || to || a || vessel || wall. || Which || of || the || following || is || NOT || one || of || the || main || factors || as || proposed || by || Virchow? A. || Obesity B. || Venous || Stasis C. || Venous || Endothelial || damage D. || Hypercoagulable || states || - || Correct || answer || ✔A. || Obesity The || decreased || or || instability || to || generate || action || potential || due || to || hyperpolarization || or || continued || closure || of || inactivation || gates || is || termed: A. || Rhythmicity
B. || Quiescence C. || Refractory || period D. || Afterload || - || Correct || answer || ✔C. || Refractory || period All || of || the || following || antihypertensive || agents || would || be || appropriate || first || line || treatments || EXCEPT: a. || Calcium || channel || blockers b. || Beta || blockers c. || Ace || inhibitors || or || ARBs d. || Diuretics || such || as || Thiazide || - || Correct || answer || ✔b. || Beta || Blockers STEMI || would || most || likely || present || with: a. || Inverted || T || waves || and || Q || waves b. || Peaked || T || waves c. || Marked || ST || segment || elevation d. || Absence || of || troponin || I || or || T || - || Correct || answer || ✔c. || Marked || ST || segment || elevation
A. || Transformed || fibroblasts B. || Cytokine || secreting || adipose || cells C. || Macrophages || that || engulf || oxidized || LDL D. || Endothelial || cells || that || produce || the || gas || nitric || oxide || - || Correct || answer || ✔C. || Macrophages || that || engulf || oxidized || LDL The || isovolumetric || contraction || phase || of || the || cardiac || life || cycle || occurs: A. || During || atrial || systole B. || When || the || AV || valves || are || closed C. || When || the || SL || valves || are || open D. || During || diastole || - || Correct || answer || ✔B. || When || the || AV || valves || are || closed Choose || the || correct || conduction || pathway || for || a || cardiac || action || potential: A. || SA || node || to || AV || node || to || bundle || branches || to || othe || Bundle || of || HIS || to || purkinje || fibers B. || SA || node || to || AV || node || to || Purkinje || fibers || to || bundle || of || HIS || to || bundle || branches
C. || SA || node || to || bundle || of || HIS || to || AV || node || to || bundle || branches || to || purkinje || fibers D. || SA || node || to || AV || node || to || bundle || of || HIS || to || bundle || branches || to || purkinje || fibers || - || Correct || answer || ✔D. || SA || node || to || AV || node || to || bundle || of || HIS || to || bundle || branches || to || purkinje || fibers Which || of || the || following || vessels || carries || oxygenated || blood? A. || Inferior || vena || cava B. || Superior || vena || cava C. || Pulmonary || artery D. || Pulmonary || Vein E. || Inferior || vena || cava || and || superior || vena || cava || - || Correct || answer || ✔D. || Pulmonary || vein Which || of || the || following || can || form || an || embolus? A. || Fat B. || Amniotic || Fluid C. || Air D. || Bateria, || especially || within || clots
The || T || wave || is || an || electrical || recording || resulting || from: a. || Ventricular || depolarization b. || Ventricular || repolarization c. || Atrial || depolarization d. || Atrial || repolarization || - || Correct || answer || ✔a. || Ventricular || repolarization As || a || result || of || the || Starling || effect, || stroke || volume || should || increase || following || an || increase || in: a. || Mean || arterial || pressure || (MAP) b. || Heart || rate c. || Sympathetic || activity d. || Afterload e. || Preload || - || Correct || answer || ✔e. || Preload The || light || band || in || cardiac || and || skeletal || muscle || that || varies || by || degree || of || contraction || is || termed || the:
a. || I || band b. || A || band c. || M || line d. || Z || disc || - || Correct || answer || ✔a. || "I || band" A || result || of || the || action || potential's || long || duration || in || stimulating || muscle || is || that: A. || Summation || cannot || occur || regardless || of || how || strong || the || stimulus B. || Cardiac || muscle || cannot || go || into || tetanus || and || lock || up || in || contracted || position C. || Cardiac || muscle || has || a || long || refractory || period D. || All || of || the || above || are || true. || - || Correct || answer || ✔D. || All || of || the || above || are || true What || is || the || effect || of || decreasing || O2 || and || increasing || CO2 || levels || (hypoxemia) || on || myocardial || contractility? A. || Only || decreases || contractility B. || Only || increases || contractility C. || Decreases || at || less || severe || (O2 || sat>50%) || but || increases || at || more || severe || hypoxemia
Which || of || the || following || factors || is || NOT || commonly || associated || with || the || development || of || hypertension? A. || Obesity B. || Insulin || resistance C. || Altered || Natriuretic || peptide || hormones || and || salt || retention D. || High || dietary || levels || of || Ca++ || K+ || and || Mg+ || - || Correct || answer || ✔D. || High || dietary || levels || of || Ca++, || K+, || and || Mg+ Your || patient || with || a || history || of || coronary || artery || disease || and || regular || chest || pain || brought || on || by || exercise || of || certain || duration || now || has || significant || and || worsening || chest || pain, || sweating, || and || mild || dyspnea. || Which || of || the || following || statements || is || true || regarding || this || patient? A. || He || has || unstable || angina B. || He || is || at || significant || risk || of || an || infarction || soon C. || The || pain || is || a || signal || that || an || atherosclerotic || plaque || has || just || ruptured || in || a || coronary || vein D. || All || of || the || above || are || true || - || Correct || answer || ✔D. || All || of || the || above || are || true In || cardiac || muscle, || Na+ || inactivation || gates || will || open || again || following || another || depolarization || to || potentially || occur || when:
A. || The || membrane || potential || reaches || 0mV. B. || When || the || membrane || returns || to || resting || potential C. || K+ || channels || are || closed D. || Membrane || potential || reaches || threshold || - || Correct || answer || ✔B. || When || the || membrane || returns || to || resting || potential Which || of || the || following || is || NOT || a || systemic || disease || that || is || associated || with || Raynaud's || phenomenon? A. || Congestive || heart || failure B. || Collagen || vascular || disease || such || as || scleroderma C. || Pulmonary || hypertension D. || Myxedema || or || smoking || - || Correct || answer || ✔A. || Congestive || heart || failure The || ____ || is || an || opening || for || venous || drainage || to || empty || into || the || right || atrium: A. || Aortic || ostia B. || Circumflex || vein C. || Great || cardiac || vein
