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BIO || 669 || Pulmonary || problems || exam ||
with || correct || answers
_____________ || is || the || subjective || sensation || fo || uncomfortable || breathing. || _____________ || is || r/t || HF || and || puts || more || pressure || on || the || diaphragm || leading || to || dyspnea || when || lying || down. || _____________ || _____________ || _____________: || leads || to || waking || up || at || night || gasping || for || air, || could || be || pulmonary || or || cardiac || that || leads || to || this. || - || Correct || answers || ✔dyspnea orthopnea PND The || acute || cough || is || 2-3 || weeks, || and || chronic || cough || is || long || term, || most || commonly || assoc || with || _____________ || _____________ || and || can || start || to || cause || respiratory || changes || such || as || _____________ || _____________, || damage || to || respiratory || tract || d/t || smoke || inhalation, || assume || _____________ || or || chronic || cough || as || a || result || of || smoking || , || but || need || to || r/o || _____________ || _____________ || and || non-smoker's || cough || d/t || URI, || CHF, || pneumonia, || paroxysmal || nocturnal || dyspnea || - || Correct || answers || ✔smoker's || cough cilliary || paralysis bronchitis lung || cancer _____________: || coughing || up || blood, || burst || aneurysm, || somehow || blood || is || making || way || into || airways. || - || Correct || answers || ✔hemoptysis _____________ || _____________: || large || tidal || volume, || breathing || deeply || and || not || pausing || in || between || deep || breaths, || slight || inc || rate. ||
_____________ || _____________: || alternating || shallow || and || deep || breathing, || if || shallow, || progressively || deepens, || reach || a || crescendo, || then || become || more || shallow || until || the || person || develops || _____________, || then || becomes || shallow, || then || repeats || resulting || in || _____________ || _____________. || - || Correct || answers || ✔Kussmaul || respirations Cheyne-stokes || respirations apnea brainstem || hypoxia _____________ || dec || ventilation || leading || to || CO2 || buildup _____________- || CO2 || retention || - || Correct || answers || ✔hypoventilation hypercapnia _____________: || inc || in || ventilation, || remove || CO2 || faster || than || you're || making || it || so || have || _____________, || r/t || _____________ || more || than || gas || exchange. || - || Correct || answers || ✔hyperventilation hypocapnia ventilation _____________: || not || a || great || indicator || of || perfusion || or || O2 || delivery. || _____________ || cyanosis: || throughout || body, || dec || arterial || oxygenation _____________ || cyanosis: || localized || and || d/t || poor || circulation || - || Correct || answers || ✔cyanosis central peripheral _____________: || chronic || hypoxemia || indicator, || if || you || have || pulmonary || _____________, || can || lead || to || chronic || hypoxemia, || and || its || thought || that || the || _____________ || become || dislodged || within || the || fingertips || and || lead || to || the || release || of || platelet || derived || _____________ || factors || leading || to || remodeling || of || finger || tips. || - || Correct || answers || ✔clubbing
blood || to || that || stale || air || alveolus, || and || will || _____________ || to || another || area. || - || Correct || answers || ✔blood vasoconstrict shunt If || there || is || a || widespread || lack || of || ventilation, || and || there || is || no || place || to || shunt || the || blood || to || that || would || get || better || ventilation || or || perfusion, || will || get || _____________ || to || _____________ || shunting, || leading || to || _____________ || oxygenation || and || _____________ || Co2 || retention, || and || lead || to || _____________ || blood || going || back || into || the || systemic || circulation, || bc || there || is || no || good || place || to || shunt || the || blood || to. || - || Correct || answers || ✔R || to || L || shunting, || dec || oxygenation, || inc || Co2 || retention deoxygenated If || the || primary || problem || is || hypoxemia, || it || may || indicate || more || of || an || inadequate || _____________ || _____________ || and || something || is || probably || going || on || more || at || the || _____________ || _____________, || like || edema || or || fibrosis, || and || this || helps || to || indicate || which || part || of || the || respiratory || system || may || be || most || affected. || - || Correct || answers || ✔gas || exchange alveolocapillary || membrane _____________ || _____________ || _____________ || is || the || inability || to || properly || exchange || gas. || PaO2< || _____ || & || CO2 || > || ___ || with || pH || < || /= || 7.5 || you || have || _____________, || and || inc || Co2 || and || dec || oxygenation. || - || Correct || answers || ✔acute || RF PaO2< Co2 || > acidosis The || normal || V/Q || ration || is || _______ || showing || that || you || have || more || _____________ || than || _____________ || at || baseline. || - || Correct || answers || ✔0.8 || more || perfusion || than || ventilation
____- || ventilation || or || airflow || to || alveoli. || If || you || have || impaired || ventilation, || it || will || cause || the || _____________ || to || drop || and || you || have || _____________. || BC || the || ventilation || is || impaired, || but || still || have || bf || to || this, || you've || got || ______ || ventilation || and || _____________ || perfusion, || and || the || ratio || will || be || overall || _____________ || bc || you || have || a || lot || less || ventilation || and || less || perfusion, || but || more || perfusion || compared || to || the || ventilation. || This || is || an || example || of || a || _____________ || V/Q. || - || Correct || answers || ✔V perfusion hypoxemia low || diminished lower Low || V/Q ____ || stands || for || perfusion || or || the || amount || of || blood || flow || going || to || the || alveolar || unit/ascini ||
- || Correct || answers || ✔Q If || you || have || impaired || perfusion, || can || have || alveolar || _____________ || space || created, || and || d/t || a || blockage || in || the || artery || or || capillary || bed || leading || to || that || alveolus, || the || air || won't || be || _____________ || so || it's || a || dead || space. || This || leads || to || a || _____________ || V/Q || ratio. || Ex: || _____________ || _____________: || blockage || of || perfusion || to || the || area, || So, || no || matter || how || well || that || area || is || _____________, || the || area || won't || get || _____________ || so || it || will || have || _____________ || ventilation || and || _____________ || perfusion. || - || Correct || answers || ✔dead || space exchanged high || V/Q || ratio PE ventilated blood high || V low || Q || perfusion
_____________: || air || in || the || pleural || cavity || caused || by || rupture || of || the || visceral || or || parietal || pleura || or || both. || It || destroys || the || _____________ || pressure || that || is || created || by || fluid || between || 2 || pleura || (visceral || and || parietal) || and || the || vacuum || helps || connect || chest || to || lungs || and || when || you || lose || pressure, || the || lung || is || free || to || _____________. || - || Correct || answers || ✔Pneumothorax negative || pressure shrink _____________ || pneumo: || lung || shrinks || d/t || loss || of || the || vacuum || and || pressure || within || the || pleural || cavity || is || essentially || the || same || as || the || _____________ || pressure. || - || Correct || answers || ✔open || pneumo atmospheric _____________ || pneumo: || rupture || of || the || pleura || allows || air || _____, || but || not || _______. || It || acts || as || a || valve || that || allows || the || lung || to || _____________ || and || adds || in || additional || airway || by || closing || off || when || _____haling, || can || put || additional || pressure || on || lung || itself, || making || it || worse. || - || Correct || answers || ✔tension || pneumo: || pleura || ruptures, || air || in, || not || out shrink exhaling _____________ || pneumo: || caused || by || a || bleb, || expanded || alveolis || ascini || unit || that || ruptures || immediately || and || can || damage || the || pleura. || - || Correct || answers || ✔spontaneous || pneumo _____________ || pneumo: || caused || by || some || other || reason || like || rib || fractures, || punctures || in || pleural || membrane, || or || stabbing || - || Correct || answers || ✔secondary || pneumo _____________ || _____________: || fluid || making || its || way || into || pleural || cavity || - || Correct || answers || ✔pleural || effusion
_____________ || effusion: || fluid || shifts || from || the || vascular || compartment || to || pleural || compartment, || _____________ || fluid || without || much || proteins, || if || it || occurs || slowly, || _____________, || if || it || occurs || quickly, || _____________ || - || Correct || answers || ✔pleural || effusion serous may || not || even || notice will || notice _____________ || effusion: || cell || damage || or || cell || accumulation || from || infection || or || blocked || lymphatics, || can || lead || to || this || effusion || - || Correct || answers || ✔exudative _____________: || blood || in || the || pleura || - || Correct || answers || ✔hemothorax _____________: || infected || pleural || effusion || of || pus || and || typically || more || localized || in || one || area, || can || hear || ______ || breath || sound || over || area || of || pleural || effusion. || - || Correct || answers || ✔empyema dull _____________: || blockage || of || lymphatic || drainage || with || back || up || of || chyle || or || lymphatic || fluid || that || has || fatty || chyle || straight || from || digestive || system. || If || you || have || a || backup || of || lymphatics || into || the || pleural || cavity, || you || can || have || some || fatty || fluids || making || way || into || pleural || cavity. || - || Correct || answers || ✔Chylothorax _____________ || lung || diseases || are || those || that || decrease || compliance, || difficult || to || ventilate || bc || its || harder || to || _____________ || and || _____________ || the || lungs. || - || Correct || answers || ✔restrictive expand || and || contract
____________: || inflammatory || obstruction || of || the || small || airways/bronchioles, || destruction || of || bronchioles || resulting || in || alveoli || blockage, || leading || to || inc || in || overall || resistance || and || dec || in || compliance. || - || Correct || answers || ✔bronchiolitis _____________ || is || most || common || in || children, || they || will || have || wheezing, || tachypnea, || and || tachycardia. || - || Correct || answers || ✔bronchiolitis _____________ || occurs || in || adults || with || chronic || bronchitis || and || in || assoc || with || a || viral || infection || or || with || inhalation || of || toxic || gases, || which || can || lead || to || _____________, || and || inc || respiratory || effort || and || tachycardia, || and || hyperinflation || or || air || trapping || d/t || inc || in || edema, || mucous, || blockage || that || can || lead || to || _____________ || _____________. || - || Correct || answers || ✔bronchiolitis atelectasis air || trapping _____________ || _____________: || alveolar || capillary || membrane || destruction || dec || compliance, || dec || oxygen || diffusion, || don't || get || _____________ || bc || the || Co2 || still || able || to || make || way || across || the || membrane || well, || but || O2 || diffusion || capability || becomes || impaired || and || end || up || getting || _____________, || but || the || Co2 || levels || are || _____________, || much || more || indicative || of || _____________ || damage. || - || Correct || answers || ✔pulmonary || fibrosis hypercapneic hypoxemic normal alveolocapillary Restrictive || lung || diseases: || Inhalation || d/o || can || also || be || caused || by || smoking, || toxic || gases, || _____________: || damage || to || alveoli || d/t || inhaled || or || inorganic || particles || making || their || way || into || alveoli || causing || fibrosis, || leading || to || ciliary || dysfunction, || mucous, || edema, || reduced ||
surfactant || and || oxygen || transport, || could || be || from || silica, || asbestos, || or || coal. || - || Correct || answers || ✔pneumoconiosis They || all || have || in || common || _____________ || _____________, || leading || to || inc || _____________ || production, || dec || mucous || _____________, || inc || _____________ || to || the || area, || and || can || lead || to || dec || in || _____________, || which || all || can || cause || a || dec || in || lung || _____________ || and || significant || impairment || of || O2 || diffusion. || - || Correct || answers || ✔ciliary || paralysis inc || mucous || dec || mucous || removal inc || edema surfactant compliance _____________ || _____________: || Caused || by || allergies || _____________ || _____________ || _____________ || & || _____________ || is || mediated || by || immunoglobulin || E, || a || specific || type || of || antibody || which || assoc || with || mast || cells || and || acts || as || a || receptor || for || mast || cells, || if || antibody || able || to || recognize || particular || triggers || or || allergens || and || it || binds || to || the || _____________ || which || signals || to || the || mast || cell || to || _____________ || and || release || _____________ || _____________ || that || lead || to || inc || vascular || _____________ || and || _____________. || - || Correct || answers || ✔Allergic || alveolitis extrinsic || allergic || alveolitis || & || hypersensitivity IgE degranulate inflammatory || mediators permeability || and || vasodilation Restrictive || lung || diseases: || _____________ || _____________ || : || exchange || or || inc || in || fluid || making || way || into || alveolus, || Excess || water || in || the || lungs. || - || Correct || answers || ✔pulmonary || edema
- || _____________: || neutrophils, || macrophages, || ... || all || migrate || and || make || way || to || area || of || injury, || could || be || from || septicemia || to || cause || inflammatory || response, || lead || to || damage || or || loss || of || surfactant || to || type || II || pneumocytes, || you || end || up || getting || a || dec || in || compliance || and || end || up || having || a || dec || in || oxygenation || - || Correct || answers || ✔Exudative 2: || _____________: || inc || in || number || of || type || II || pneumocytes, || inc || in || number || of || collagen || and || inc || in || other || cells || leading || to || dec || in || compliance || and || again || an || additional || dec || in || oxygen || diffusion || leading || to || hypoxemia || - || Correct || answers || ✔proliferative
- || _____________: || leads || to || pulmonary || HTN, || continuing || downward || spiral || to || acute || respiratory || failure Goal || of || treatment || is || to || intercede || and || prevent || problem || from || progressing, || trying || to || _____________ || oxygenation, || dec || predictable || effects, || and || if || we || intervene, || may || be || able || to || stop || progression || - || Correct || answers || ✔3. || Fibrotic inc || oxygenation S&S || of || ARDS: || Starting || point || is || _____________ || & || _____________ || and || then || it || progresses || to: || _____________ventilation, || & || _____________ || _____________ || (AB || problem), || and || dec || tissue || _____________ || leading || to || _____________ || _____________(A/B || problem), || and || organ || dysfunction. || As || dec || in || compliance || continues, || leads || to || _____________ || WOB, || _____________ || tidal || volume, || and || _____________ventilation, || then || hypercapnia, || respiratory || acidosis, || which || can || lead || to || Resp || Failure, || dec || cardiac || output, || _____________tension || and || death || - || Correct || answers || ✔dyspnea || & || hypoxemia hyperventilation || & || respiratory || alkalosis perfusion, || metabolic || acidosis inc || WOB, || dec || tidal || volume, || and || hypoventilation hypotension
Dx || for || ARDS || is || based || on || a || history || of || lung || injury, || physical || exam, || analysis || of || blood || gases, || and || radiologic || examination, || supportive || therapy || - || Correct || answers || ✔ Obstructive || lung || diseases: || Airway || obstruction || that || is || worse || with || _____________, || common || S&S || include: || _____________nea, || wheezing, || and || _____________ || _____________, || dec || in || forced || _____________ || volume || ,and || inc || WOB. || - || Correct || answers || ✔expiration dyspnea air || trapping expiratory || volume Airway || obstruction || is || worse || with || _____________ || bc || as || you're || breathing || in || you || create || the || vacuum || and || decreased || pressure || helps || to || expand || the || airways. || As || you || expire, || the || chest || starts || to || _____________ || and || you || put || pressure || on || the || small || airways. || Small || airways || like || alveoli || do || not || have || continuous || _____________ || _____________ || _____________ || and || are || susceptible || to || _____________ || and || eventually || will || bc || there || is || no || _____________... || - || Correct || answers || ✔expiration collapse hyaline || cartilage || rings collapsing || alveoli surfactant The || alveoli || help || to || _____________ || air || but || the || small || respiratory || ducts || and || bronchioles || leading || away || from || the || alveoli || can || start || to || _____________ || and || start || to || _____________ || the || _______ || within || the || alveolus, || which || is || made || worse || by || edema || and || mucous || plugs || that || both || dec || _____________ || and || inc || likelihood || of || trapping. || - || Correct || answers || ✔retain || air collapse trap || the || air lumen
mucous cilia diameter All || the || above || can || be || an || acute || change, || but || if || it || continues || overtime, || it || leads || to || airway || _____________, || leading || to || dec || _____________, || and || inc || _____________. || - || Correct || answers || ✔remodeling, || dec || elasticity, || inc || compliance _____________ || is || a || chronic || inflammatory || d/o || of || the || airways. || What || we're || trying || to || correct || with || tx || of || _____________ || _____________ || so || it || has || only || a || _____________ || topical || effect || instead || of || a || systemic || effect. || - || Correct || answers || ✔asthma inhaled || corticosteroids local Inflammation || results || from || _____________ || of || the || airways, || increased || allergens || and || decreased || infections || of || a || certain || type || predispose || one || to || _____________. || - || Correct || answers || ✔hyperresponsiveness ashtma _____________ || _____________: || an || inc || in || allergen || exposure || early || in || life || and || dec || in || certain || types || of || infection || tend || to || make || inflammatory || and || immune || responses || more || of || an || _____________ || type || of || allergen || response || making || airway || more || hyperresponsive || so || early || effects, || have || effect || later || in || life. || - || Correct || answers || ✔Hygiene || hypothesis TH Asthma || can || lead || to || _____________ || and || _____________ || _____________: || if || you || take || bronchodilator || to || open || airway || and || the || airway || doesn't || respond || to || the || treatment || - || Correct || answers || ✔obstruction || and || status || asthmaticus
Symptoms || include || _____________ || wheezing, || dyspnea || and || _____________. || _____________ || _____________: || sig || drop || in || SBP || during || inspiration || >10mmHg, || BP || normally || drops || during || inspiration || but || could || be || mistermed || name || - || Correct || answers || ✔expiratory || wheezing, || dyspnea, || tachypnea pulsus || paradoxis Look || at || the || _____________ || how || fast || you || can || expire || in || 1 || second, || as || this || problem || is || d/t || air || trapping, || the || expiratory || capacity || _____________, || and || flow || rate || upon || expiration || _____________, || if || you || use || spirometer || regularly, || will || see || changes || leading || to || asthma || attack, || so || _____________ || can || let || you || know || early || about || over/undermedicating. || - || Correct || answers || ✔FeV dec flow || rate || upon || expiration || dec spirometry Tx || for || asthma || is: ||
- || _____________ || _____________ || _____________
- || _____________
- || _____________ || _____________
- || anti-inflammatories || - || Correct || answers || ✔1. || peak || flow || meters
- || corticosteroids
- || beta || agonists
- || anti-inflammatories OBstructive || lung || diseases: || _____________: || characterized || by || persistent || airflow || limitation, || is || usually || progressive, || most || common || lung || disease. || - || Correct || answers || ✔COPD
Instead || of || having || multiple || small || alveoli || like || normal, || the || alveoli || will || _____________ || and || into || _____________, || leading || to || dec || _____________ || _____________, || which || results || in || dec || ability || for || _____________ || _____________ || and || respiration. || Can || lead || to || _____________ || and || _____________. || With || breakdown || in || _____________ || & || _____________, || can || also || have || air || trapping || bc || you || end || up || getting || weakness || in || _____________ || and || respiratory || ducts || leading || to || it. || - || Correct || answers || ✔aggregate 1 || large || alveoli surface || area gas || exchange dyspnea || and || hypoxia protein || & || elastin bronchioles If || you || get || a || mucous || plug || in || COPD, || it || dec || the || _____________ || _____________ || _____________ || and || expiration || then || helps || to || collapse || the || _____________ || _____________ || leading || to || _____________ || _____________ || in || the || alveoli || leading || to || overall || _____________ || of || the || chest || cavity || and || resetting || of || the || _____________ || _____________ || _____________. || Have || higher || point || at || which || you || undergo || _____________ || _____________ || and || dec || _____________ || reserve. || - || Correct || answers || ✔airway || lumen || size bronchial || walls air || trapping expansion funcitonal || residual || capacity tidal || breathing dec || inspiratory || reserve _____________ || _____________: || hypersecretion || of || mucous || and || chronic || productive || cough || that || lasts || for || at || least || 3 || months || of || the || year || x || _____________ || years. || Inspired || irritants || inc || _____________ || production || and || the || size || and || number || of || _____________ || glands, || the || mucous || is || _____________ || than || normal || and || you || get || impaired
|| _____________ || _____________, || where || the || _____________ || gets || trapped || and || stays || down || in || the || airways, || diminishing || the || luminal || _____________. || Tx: || _____________ || _____________ || or || also || _____________, || expectorants || and || _____________ || _____________ || therapy || to || treat. || - || Correct || answers || ✔chronic || bronchitis x || 2 || consecutive || years mucous || production mucous || glands thicker ciliary || function mucous || gets || trapped luminal || diameter Tx: || STOP || SMOKING, || bronchodilators, || chest || physiotherapy _____________: || abnormal || permanent || enlargement || of || the || gas-exchange || airways || accompanied || by || destruction || of || the || alveolar || walls || without || obvious || _____________. || It || is || caused || by || _____________ || _____________, || typically || from || _____________ || changes || leading || to || _____________ || imbalances || leading || to || breakdown || of || the || airway || wall. || Could || be || an || inherited || deficit || of || _____________ || _____________ || and || you || have || loss || of || the || _____________ || recoil. || - || Correct || answers || ✔emphysema fibrosis tissue || destruction from || inflammatory || changes protease || imbalances alpha || 1 || antitrypsin elastic Respiratory || tract || infections || can || cause || _____________ || _____________, || but || not || down || into || the || alveolar || level || so || you || won't || see || _____________ || and || won't || see || chest || _____________ || that || are || present || in || pneumonia. || - || Correct || answers || ✔acute || bronchitis
