Download Biology Terms: Acetyl-CoA, Aerobic vs Anaerobic, Fermentation, Respiration, and Processes and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
acetyl CoA
Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism, used in many biochemical reactions. TERM 2
aerobic
DEFINITION 2 Aerobic is an adjective that means "requiring air", where "air" usually means oxygen. TERM 3
alcohol fermentation
DEFINITION 3 Ethanol fermentation, also referred to as alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process in which sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into cellular energy and thereby produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as metabolic waste products. TERM 4
anaerobic
DEFINITION 4 Anaerobic is a technical word which literally means without air (where "air" is generally used to mean oxygen), as opposed to aerobic. TERM 5
ATP synthase
DEFINITION 5 ATP synthase () is a general term for an enzyme that can synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate and release it using a form of energy.
cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. TERM 7
chemiosmosis
DEFINITION 7 Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a selectively- permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. TERM 8
citric acid cycle
DEFINITION 8 The citric acid cycle - also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), the Krebs cycle, or the Szent-Gyrgyi-Krebs cycle - is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration. TERM 9
electron transport chain
DEFINITION 9 An electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) to the transfer of H+ ions (protons) across a membrane. TERM 10
facultative anaerobe
DEFINITION 10 A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism, usually a bacterium, that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to fermentation.
redox reaction
Redox (shorthand for oxidation-reduction) reactions describe all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed. TERM 17
substrate level phosphorylation
DEFINITION 17 Substrate-level phosphorylation is a type of chemical reaction that results in the formation and creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the direct transfer and donation of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or guanosine diphosphate (GDP) from a phosphorylated reactive intermediate.
