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bio lab 5 from bcc class, Lab Reports of Biology

lab 5 from bcc biology lab class

Typology: Lab Reports

2023/2024

Uploaded on 03/03/2025

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Lab 5 - Epithelial Tissues and Glands
Objectives Checklist - After completion of this lab, you should be able to:
list the four major tissue types, and
contrast the general features of the four
major tissue types [Pre-lab activity 3]
identify epithelial tissues under the
microscope and name them according
to shape and arrangement [Pre-lab
activity 4; lab activities A1-A4, A6]
describe the functions of each type of
epithelial tissue in the human body and
correlate function with structure for
each tissue type [Pre-lab activity 3; lab
activity A4]
describe locations in the body where
each type of epithelial tissue can be
found [Lab activity A4]
describe the function and location of the
junctions that hold cells together [Lab
activity B1]
describe and distinguish between
endocrine and exocrine glands [Pre-lab
activities 6, 7; lab activity C1]
identify example locations in the body
of exocrine and endocrine glands [Lab
activity C1]
identify and describe the tissue type and
zones making up the epidermis of the
skin Pre-lab activity 8; lab activities
D1, D4]
describe the overall function of cells
making up the epidermis of the skin
[Lab activities D2, D3]
describe the overall function of
exocrine glands found in the skin Lab
activity D1]
Pre-Lab Activities
A. HISTOLOGY
1. What is histology?
2. What is a tissue? What is the difference between a tissue and an organ?
3. List the four major tissues found in the body and give a general description of the role
each plays in our bodies.
Tissue Name
Role(s) in the body:
B. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
1. Fill in the blanks using the terms that describe epithelial cell shape and arrangement in
the box below.
simple pseudo-stratified ciliated cuboidal
urothelium
(previously
squamous stratified columnar
Histology is the study of tissues & now they work in the body
A tissue is a group of cells working to do a Z job. An organ is made up of a bunch
of tissues working together to do a much bigger job.
Covers and protects (like skin nes organs, and helps wit
absorbing and releasing substances.
Supports and holds things together (like bones, fat, and blood).
Helps the body move (include nuscles for movement, th heart, and
organs).
Sends messages in the body
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Lab 5 - Epithelial Tissues and Glands

Objectives Checklist - After completion of this lab, you should be able to: list the four major tissue types, and contrast the general features of the four major tissue types [Pre-lab activity 3] identify epithelial tissues under the microscope and name them according to shape and arrangement [Pre-lab activity 4; lab activities A1-A4, A6] describe the functions of each type of epithelial tissue in the human body and correlate function with structure for each tissue type [Pre-lab activity 3; lab activity A4] describe locations in the body where each type of epithelial tissue can be found [Lab activity A4] describe the function and location of the junctions that hold cells together [Lab activity B1] describe and distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands [Pre-lab activities 6, 7; lab activity C1] identify example locations in the body of exocrine and endocrine glands [Lab activity C1] identify and describe the tissue type and zones making up the epidermis of the skin Pre-lab activity 8; lab activities D1, D4] describe the overall function of cells making up the epidermis of the skin [Lab activities D2, D3] describe the overall function of exocrine glands found in the skin Lab activity D1]

Pre-Lab Activities

A. HISTOLOGY
  1. What is histology?
  2. What is a tissue? What is the difference between a tissue and an organ?
  3. List the four major tissues found in the body and give a general description of the role

each plays in our bodies. Tissue Name Role(s) in the body: B. EPITHELIAL TISSUE

  1. Fill in the blanks using the terms that describe epithelial cell shape and arrangement in

the box below. simple pseudo-stratified ciliated cuboidal urothelium (previously squamous stratified columnar Histology is the study of tissues & now they work in the body A tissue is a group of cells working to do a Z job. An organ is made up of a bunch of tissues working together to do a much bigger job. Covers and protects (like skin nes organs, and helps wit absorbing and releasing substances. Supports and holds things together (like bones, fat, and blood). Helps the body move (include nuscles for movement, th heart, and organs). Sends messages in the body

M

S med 47 n liked S · immithin a

Muscle

Nervous

known as transitional) a. cells can change shape allowing tissue to stretch and recoil: ________________ b. cells are flat, like floor tiles: ________________ c. cells are arranged in a single layer: ________________ d. cells are arranged in multiple layers: ________________ e. all cells are attached to the basement membrane: ________________ f. but appear to be in multiple layers: ________________ g. cells are shaped like dice: ________________ h. cells are elongated (rectangular) : ________________ i. cells possess hair-like projections: ________________

  1. Identify the figures using the terms in the box C. GLANDS
  2. What is a gland? What are the two types of glands?
  3. How are they different? Squamous cell Cuboidal cell Columnar cell Simple epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium A gland is a group of cells that makes and releases substances like hormones or sweat.
  • Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood (e.g., thyroid).
  • Exocrine glands release substances through ducts (e.g., sweat glands). The difference is that endocrine glands have no ducts, while exocrine glands use ducts. Urothelium s puamous simple Stratfied

Pseudo-

pieudo-

cubodial

columnar il Had

  • -^ ↑^ sendo-^ cubodial^ simple^ cubodial =

columnar Transitional simple squamous

[cell)

  1. Now return to the images above and draw a line where the basement membrane is. See the first image for an example.
  2. Next, label the apical surface of each type of epithelium. The apical surface is the one that faces the “outside” or is not physically attached to another tissue type (connective). Again, refer to the first image for an example.
  3. Now you’re ready to see the epithelial tissues on the microscope. Observe each of the types listed in the next table (slide numbers are listed) and sketch what you see. It is important that you make your sketches the best that you can; this is how you help your brain remember. Label the basement membrane of your sketch. Remember, tissues can be cut in lots of ways; sometimes it won’t look like the pretty picture that you have in your book—look for patterns, not perfection. Use your textbook to fill in the rest of the table (locations where the tissue is found in the body & functions). Type & Location Functions Sketch simple squamous epithelium slide #: 2 (frog skin), 39 (capillary) location: stratified squamous epithelium slide #: 6 (nonkeratinized), 17 (keratinized, skin), 18 (pigmented skin) location: simple cuboidal epithelium slide #: 3(kidney), 35 (liver), 42 (kidney) location: stratified cuboidal epithelium slide #: 17/18 (skin—sweat glands in dermis) location: simple columnar epithelium slide #: 4, 32 (intestine), 33 (colon) location: & Secretion of^ serious lungs Fluid · prevents

infection

Water loss miruba ,nskin oral (^) cavity absorption

and

Iwer

Secretion

·

protect ducts^ * like swest^ gland, % Skin mamcary^ slands absorbiton intenstine secretion a and I

pseudostratified columnar epithelium slide #: 5 (trachea) location: urothelium (previously known as transitional) slide #: 7 location:

  1. Why do epithelial tissues look different among themselves (and from other connective, muscular and nervous cellular types) even when they all possess the same genetic information? (Think differentiation)
  2. If you have enough time, work in pairs or groups and test one another to see if you can identify the tissues on the slides. You will have to identify these in your exam. If you want more practice outside of lab, go to http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/start_histology.html or any other human anatomy and physiology website online. Just make sure to look at the same slides we saw in the lab. A. INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS (15 MINUTES)
  3. The connections that hold epithelial cells together (and other cells, such as cardiac muscle cells) are called intercellular junctions. Use your textbook to answer the following questions. a. What are tight junctions? What is their function? Give at least one example of their location. b. What are desmosomes? What is their function? Give at least one example of their location. c. What are gap junctions? What is their function? Give at least one example of their location. B. GLANDS (20 MINUTES)
  4. Most epithelial tissues that are involved in secretion secrete substances that are used locally. However, some epithelial tissues become specialized to secrete substances that

secretes muss

traches

dust particles

and traps

allows (^) stretching bladder · f^ Urinary b adder

because they^ have^ different^ functions^ depending^ on^ whereItis

In the^ body.

its like a^ waterproof seal^ between^ cells^.^ They prevent substance

from (^) passing in between^ cell^.^ Can^ be^ found^ in^ the^ interstine

desmosomes is^ a^ patch^

that holds

together somewhat

like a (^) snap onpair of^ jeans.^ They (^) keep cells^ from pulling a^ part

  • Its common in

the epidermis

Gapjonations are^ tiny channels^ that^ conne^ If^ cells.

allowing (^) them to share^ small^ molecules and (^) electrical (^) signals. They are found^ in^ the^ heart.

Hairs and nails are similar in composition to the stratum corneum of the epidermis (see below). They are composed mostly of _____________________.

  1. The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized), which is composed of five zones. The deepest zone is the stratum basale, which is a single layer of cells composed of stem cells, keratinocytes, and scattered among them there are melanocytes and tactile cells. Use your textbook to answer the following questions. a. What is the function of stem cells? b. What is the function of keratinocytes? c. What is the function of tactile cells? d. What is the function of melanocytes? e. What makes dark skin and pale skin different? f. Is there a link between quantity of melanin and skin cancer? Why? g. The most superficial zone of the epidermis is the stratum corneum, which consists of many layers of dead keratinized cells. What is the function of the stratum corneum?
  2. Identify epidermis and dermis and find the structures in the box below on the skin models. Stratum corneum Stratum basale Sebaceous Gland Merocrine sweat (sudoriferous) Apocrine sweat (sudoriferous) dead (^) Kera

to make new slid cells

make Keratin

help w/^ touch

make me^ lang

dark skin^ :^ more^ me^ latin^ light-less ye ,^ more^ melanin^

means better

Skin protection.