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BIO1000 HUMAN BIOLOGY 2025-2026 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS 100% RATED A+ GRADED-CAPELLA UNIVERSITY
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Evolution the modification of populations of living things over time
The measure of reproductive success
Mutation is the only means by which new genetic information is introduced Gene flow movement of genes from one population to another
Increases the chances of breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer (T or F) Multiples mutations are required to produce a cancer cell True Carcinogens Cancer causing agents Changes in DNA often result from long-term exposure to mutagens (carcinogens) Gene expression the process through which genetic info flows from genes to proteins
What must cells have what for cellular differentiation? a nucleus and retain a complete set of genes The structure and function of a cell is dictated by the genes that are turned on in a cell Clone genetically identical copy Clones in nature aspen trees, strawberries Dolly exact genetic replica of another sheep How was Dolly cloned?
Restriction enzymes found in bacteria, used to cut DNA Transformation bacteria pick up DNA from surroundings Plasmids Ring of bacterial DNA that can be incorporated into the bacterial cell Scientists use restriction enzymes to cut a gene out of the human DNA, then the same enzyme is used to make a cut in the DNA of a plasmid Fragments from human genes will fit into plasmids of bacteria like a piece of a puzzle Bacteria then take up the plasmids containing the human genes and replicate- turning out collectible qualities of the desired protein (insulin)
Recombinant DNA 2 or more sections of DNA that have been combined by humans
Aneuploidy What causes abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes? Nondisjunction Is nondisjunction better to occur in Meiosis 2 or Meiosis 1? Meiosis 2 because 2 cells will still be normal All 4 cells will be abnormal in Meiosis 1 Kleinfelter Syndrome XXY If an individual is sterile or has feminine characteristics He/She has Kleinfelter's Syndrome Males with XYY Are usually taller
Females with XXX (Metafemales) Have limited fertility Turner Syndrome XO If someone is sterile, has short stature, and neck webbing He/She has Turner Syndrome DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) polymer composed of nucleotides Nucleotide Phosphate group, nitrogeneous base, and 5 carbon sugar The structure of DNA consists of two polynucleotide strands wrapped around each other in a double helix