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BIO202 Final Exam Study Guide (Straighterline A&P II) Questions and Answers Rated A+, Exams of Biology

Viscosity of Blood? ✔✔twice as thick as water How long does it take for a drop of blood to circulate through the entire system? ✔✔20-60 seconds What is the composition of Blood ✔✔55% plasma, 45% formed elements, What are the fucntions of blood? ✔✔-Moves regulatory and processed molecules, gasses, waste, and nutrients -Regulats pH and osmosis process -Maintain body temperature -Protect against foreign substances -Assist in clotting What is the composition of plasma? ✔✔91% water

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BIO202 Final Exam Study Guide
(Straighterline A&P II) Questions and
Answers Rated A+
Viscosity of Blood? ✔✔twice as thick as water
How long does it take for a drop of blood to circulate through the entire system? ✔✔20-60
seconds
What is the composition of Blood ✔✔55% plasma, 45% formed elements,
What are the fucntions of blood? ✔✔-Moves regulatory and processed molecules, gasses, waste,
and nutrients
-Regulats pH and osmosis process
-Maintain body temperature
-Protect against foreign substances
-Assist in clotting
What is the composition of plasma? ✔✔91% water
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Download BIO202 Final Exam Study Guide (Straighterline A&P II) Questions and Answers Rated A+ and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIO202 Final Exam Study Guide

(Straighterline A&P II) Questions and

Answers Rated A+

Viscosity of Blood? ✔✔twice as thick as water

How long does it take for a drop of blood to circulate through the entire system? ✔✔ 20 - 60 seconds

What is the composition of Blood ✔✔55% plasma, 45% formed elements,

What are the fucntions of blood? ✔✔-Moves regulatory and processed molecules, gasses, waste, and nutrients

  • Regulats pH and osmosis process
  • Maintain body temperature
  • Protect against foreign substances
  • Assist in clotting

What is the composition of plasma? ✔✔91% water

7% proteins

2% other solutes

What proteins are found in blood plasma? ✔✔albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

What solutes are found in blood plasma? ✔✔Ions, nutrients, waste products, gasses, regulatory substances

What are two blood disorders ✔✔Anemia and sickle-cell disease

What is sickle-cell disease? ✔✔an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin

What is anemia? ✔✔a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood

How much blood does the heart pump per minute? ✔✔~5 1/4 Quarts per minute

What to chambers of the heart do? ✔✔Receive and return blood from and to the body

What is the purpose of heart valves? ✔✔prevent back flow of blood, ensure one-directional

What are the four valves of the heart? ✔✔The tricuspid and pulmonary valves on the right side, and the mitral and aortic valves on the left side.

Blood flow through the heart ✔✔SVC --> Rt atria --> Tricuspid --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonic valve --> Lungs --> Lt atria --> Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve --> aorta --> Body

Arteries ✔✔carry blood away from the heart, muscular and elastic

Veins ✔✔Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Capillaries ✔✔Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body

Pulmonary hypertension ✔✔Narrowed arteries in lungs and heart decrease blood flow from heart and decrease oxygen from lungs to rest of body

components of lymphatic system ✔✔lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue, lymphatic organs

What is lymph? ✔✔watery fluid contained in lymphatic vessels that contains white blood cells and antibodies

What are lymphatic vessels? ✔✔Thinner than veins and continuously filter cellular waste from the extracellular fluid by circulating it through lymph nodes

What are the lymphatic tissue types? ✔✔Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, Reticular Cells

What are lymphocytes? ✔✔White blood cells found in lymph, blood, etc.m and provide immunity. They originate in bone marrow.

What are the two lymphocytes? ✔✔B cells and T cells

What are the Lymphatic Body Defenses? ✔✔Edema, Immune System, Lymph Nodes

What is edema? ✔✔a condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body. Swelling.

What is the immune system? ✔✔The body's cells defense against disease causing organisms.

What are lymph nodes? ✔✔Filter interstitial fluid and lymph. Swollen glands mean you are fighting an infection

Functions of the respiratory system? ✔✔Gas exchange, Olfaction (ability to smell), protection, regulation of blood pH by managing CO2 levels, Voice production

What are the upper respiratory organs? ✔✔nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx

What are the lower respiratory organs? ✔✔larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

What are the functions of the sinuses? ✔✔Reduce weight of the Skull, drain mucus into nasal cavity, Serve as resonating chamber to amplify voice

What are the functions of the nasal cavity? ✔✔Warms cleanses, and humidifies inhaled air; detects odors in the airstream

What is the function of the nose? ✔✔Provides passage to nasal cavity; Prevents large particles from entering the body

What is the function of the pharynx? ✔✔passageway for air and food, provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds, and houses the tonsils

What is the function of the larynx? ✔✔houses vocal cords; prevents foreign objects such as food and drink from entering trachea

Function of the trachea? ✔✔Maintains open passageway for air, filters air with mucus lining

Function of the bronchial tree? ✔✔air passageways connecting trachea with alveoli; cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air

Respiratory disorders? ✔✔Asthma, Emphysema, Lung cancer, pneumonia, strep throat, tuberculosis

What is asthma and its treatment? ✔✔chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Epi and dilating stimulants and corticosteroids or NSAIDs

What is emphysema, and its treatment? ✔✔a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness. Treated by bronchodiaters, diuretics, corticosteroids

What is Lung Cancer? ✔✔uncontrolled cell division in the lungs that is often caused by smoking and can lead to death

What is Pneumonia? Its treatment? ✔✔Lower respiratory tract infection causing alveoli to fill with dead WBCs. Treatment is Rest, fluids, and aspirin.

What is Strep Throat? Treatment? ✔✔Bacterial inflamed pharynx associated with pain. Treatment is antibiotics.

What is tuberculosis? Treatment? ✔✔Bacteria invaded lungs that create tubercle structures impeding respiration. Treatment is antibiotics.

What are the digestive controls? ✔✔Mechanical Digestion, Chemical Digestion, Digestion Enzymes

What are the four major digestive enzyme categories? ✔✔Salivary, Gastric, Pancreatic, Intestinal

Functions of Salivary Enzymes? ✔✔Break down starch and glycogen into dissacharides

Functions of Gastric Enzymes? ✔✔Break down proteins and butter fats

What are the digestive proceses? ✔✔Ingestion, Mastication, Propulsion, Mixing, Secretion, Digestion, Absorption

What is ingestion? ✔✔taking food into the mouth

What are the digestive accessory organs? ✔✔teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

What does the liver do? ✔✔It produces bile which neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat

What does the gallbladder do? ✔✔stores and concentrates bile

What do the pancreas do? ✔✔Produce and secrete pancreatic juice

What is pancreatic juice? ✔✔a variety of enzymes, including:

  1. trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase (break down proteins),
  2. pancreatic lipase (breaks down lipids),
  3. nucleases (break down nucleic acids) and
  4. amylase (breaks down starches.)
  5. bicarbonate ions in the enzyme mix help to raise the pH of chyme.

What is a calorie? ✔✔the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

What are the nutrient classes? ✔✔water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals

Function of Water? ✔✔Serves as a coolant, Solvent, Aids in Metabolic reactions, Dilutes and Eliminates Waste, Supports blood volume and pressure

Function of Carbs? ✔✔Energy

Function of lipids? ✔✔Store energy, synthesize Vitamin D, Clot blood