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Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
Verified Answers | Grade A โ GCU Final
Exam
cation - correct answers positive charge - loses one electron covalent bond - correct answers shared electrons 2 types of covalent bonds - correct answers Polar - unequal sharing of electrons Nonpolar - equal sharing of electrons PH - correct answers Acid base concentration - homeostasis of acid base balance is regulated by chemicals called buffers buffers - correct answers acccept hydrogen ions when PH is high and donates when the PH is low Carbohydrates - organic compound - correct answers fructose, glycogen Protiens - organic compound - correct answers amino acids and enzymes Lipids - organic compound - correct answers triglycerides, cholesterol
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
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Nucleic acids - organic compound - correct answers DNA, RNA DNA nitrogenous bases - correct answers Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine (AGCT) RNA nitrogenous bases - correct answers Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil (AGSU) Plasma Membrane - correct answers Phospholipid bilayer composed of hydrophilic (phosphate) heads and hydrophobic (lipid) tails Resting membrane potential - correct answers maintained by sodium potassium pump (active transport) - takes 3 sodium out and 2 potassium in K+ Potassium - correct answers 10 times higher inside the cell - major intracellular cation Na+ Sodium - correct answers 10 times higher outside the cell - major extracellular cation
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
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Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Prophase - correct answers chromosomes appear Metaphase - correct answers chromosomes cluster in the middle Anaphase - correct answers daughter chromosomes appear Telophase - correct answers identical sets of chromosomes at opposite poles; cleavage furrow Cytokinesis - correct answers complete division of the cell Protein synthesis - Transcription - correct answers DNA's information is encoded by a codon in mRNA. Happens in the nucleus
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
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Protein synthesis - Translation - correct answers Information carried by the mRNAis decoded by an anticodon and used to assemble polypeptides. Happens in the cytosol/ribosome Tissues - correct answers Groups of cells similar in structure that perform a specific function Epithelial Tissue - correct answers a sheet of cells that cover a body surface or lines a cavity Connective Tissue (CT) - correct answers CT Proper - fibroblasts Cartilage - chondrocytes Bone - Osteocytes Blood - erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets Muscle tissue - correct answers skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle smooth muscle
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
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stratum spinosum - tension resisting bundles of pre-keratin filaments stratum basale - actively mitotic stem cells Sweat Glands - correct answers sudiferous - secrete sweat into and through the glands duct system to the skin surface Oil Glands - correct answers sebaceous - oil glands that secrete sebum to the skin and hair. Help prevent from drying out. Skin Cancer - correct answers Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell carcinoma Melanoma Diaphysis - correct answers The shaft Epiphysis - correct answers Bone ends covered with an articular surface Endosteum - correct answers Covers internal bone surface - just like periosteum but inside
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
Verified Answers | Grade A โ GCU Final
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Periosteum - correct answers white double layered membrane covering the external bone surface 2 layers of periosteum - correct answers Fibrous Layer - Outer layer dense irregular CT Osteogenic Layer - Inner layer containing osteoblasts (which secrete bone matrix, Osteoclast (bone destroying cells) and Osteogenic stem cells (give rise to osteoblasts) Lamella - correct answers Each individual Matrix tube Osteon - correct answers the structural and functional unit of compact bone Canaliculi - correct answers connect all the osteocytes together to deliver nutrients Intramembranous ossification - correct answers forms the cranial bones of the skull. Bones develop from fibrous membranes
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
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Exam
axial - cervical vertebrae - correct answers C1 - Atlas C2 - Axis (dens) Appendicular - Forearm - correct answers Radius Ulna Olecranon process (elbow) Hyoid Bone - correct answers Unique because it does not articulate with any other bone inthe body Synarthroses - correct answers Immoveable joints - ex/ sutures, gomphoses (fibrous joints) Synchondroses - correct answers (cartilaginous) - also immoveable Amphiarthroses - correct answers slightly moveable ex) syndesmoses (fibrous) symphesis (cartilaginous) Diarthroses - correct answers Freely moveable joints ex) ball and socket, hinge joints, pivot, plane, saddle (synovial)
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
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flexion - correct answers decrease the angle of a joint (contracting the biceps in the arm) extension - correct answers increase the angle of a joint (triceps contracting as teh elbow is extending) adduction - correct answers limbs move away from the midline of the body abduction - correct answers limb moves toward the midline of the body Bursae - correct answers fibrous sac containing synovial fluid located between the bones and tendons to reduce friction during movement tendon sheath - correct answers elongated bursae - wraps completely around the tendon 3 types of muscle tissue - correct answers skeletal cardiac
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
Verified Answers | Grade A โ GCU Final
Exam
tropomyosin - correct answers covers myosin binding site on actin actin - correct answers thin filaments, I band, light colored myosin - correct answers thick filaments, A band, dark colored sarcoplasmic reticulum - correct answers stores calcium and releases it on demand cross bridge - correct answers when myosin heads pull thin filaments in toward the center of the sarcomere (A band); i.e. the sliding filament theory motor unit - correct answers the motor neuron and all the muscles it supplies A band - correct answers shortens when the muscle contracts Anatomy - correct answers the study of structure Physiology - correct answers the study of function
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
Verified Answers | Grade A โ GCU Final
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Metabolism - correct answers all the chemical reactions that happen in our body cells Catabolism - correct answers the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. Catabolic reaction Anabolism - correct answers The building up of complex molecules from simpler ones Levels of Structural Organization - correct answers Atom (chemical), Molecule (chemical), Cell tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism Homeostasis - correct answers The maintenance of the internal environment regardless of external conditions Negative feedback mechanism - correct answers Most feedback mechanisms are this type - regulating body temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose Cranial Cavity - correct answers Brain and spinal cord
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
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Atomic mass - correct answers decimal number - number of protons and neutrons together - if you subtract the protons you get the number of neutrons ionic bonds - correct answers the transfer of one or more electrons anion - correct answers negative charge - gains one electron what happens when calcium shows up? - correct answers contraction muscle insertion - correct answers attached to moveable bone muscle origin - correct answers attached to immoveable bone neurons - correct answers nerve cells neuroglia - correct answers nerve supporting cells
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
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astrocytes (CNS) - correct answers mainatin the environment oligodendrites (CNS) - correct answers make the myelin sheath microglia (CNS) - correct answers Phagocytosis ependymal cells (CNS) - correct answers lines cavities produces CSF Satellite cells (PNS) - correct answers maintain the environment Schwann cells (PNS) - correct answers make the myelin sheath Factors the increase nerve conduction - correct answers Myelin Sheath increase the velocity of an action potential Diameter of the axon - bigger is faster Temperature - hotter is faster Action Potential - correct answers Graded potential is below threshold
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
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Exam
Meninges - correct answers Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater Blood Brain Barrier - correct answers semi-permeable membrane - alcohol and some lipid solubles go through it. Tight junctions - hard to permeate Cerebrospinal Fluid - correct answers Chroroid Plexuses hang from the roofs of the ventricles to produce it. Functions of CSF - correct answers Bouyancy - forms a liquid cushion nourishes the brain and spinal cord Location of CSF - correct answers Ventricles central canal of the spinal cord subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord Photoreceptors - correct answers respond to light thermoreceptors - correct answers respond to temp
Update) Anatomy and Physiology for
Science Majors I Exam | Questions and
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chemoreceptors - correct answers respond to blood pressure Reflex Arc Pathway - correct answers 1. receptor - site of stimulus
- sensory neuron - afferent dorsal root integration center - brain and interneurons in the spinal cord
- integration center
- Motor Neuron
- Effector - Muscle or Gland Cranial and Spinal nerves - correct answers 7, 9, 10 Taste food going in VII - facial nerve IX - glossopharangeal nerve X - vagus nerve - motor and sensory - taste; ANS to cardiac and digestive organs and glands of the ventral body cavity Cranial and Spinal nerves - correct answers 3, 4, and 6 make eyes do tricks III - Oculomotor
