Prepare for your exams
Get points
Guidelines and tips

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips

Sell on Docsity

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents

20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions

5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points

Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study

Go to the blog

Biocontrol Approaches - Integrated Pest Management - Lecture Slides, Slides of Pest Management

The LNM Institute of Information Technology Pest Management

Main topics of this course are: Biocontrol Approaches, Decision Making, Disadvantages of Cultural Controls, EBPM Status, Enforced Crop Production Rules, Hybrid Sterility, IPM Evolution Continued, Regulatory Tactics, Resistance Categories. Key points of this lecture slides are: Biocontrol Ideal, Stability, Biotic Environment Supports, Management Practices Compatible, Benefits of Biocontrol, Disadvantages of Biocontrol, Characteristics of Effective Ne’S, Synchronized Phenology, Tolerant of Managem

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 08/31/2013

jaee 🇮🇳

4.7

(22)

101 documents

1 / 16

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

Recall: Three components interact to

produce different biocontrol approaches

Cropping

System

Pest Complex

Natural

Enemy

Ideal

Emphasize

the NE-Pest

Interaction

NE lacks

persistence,

emphasize

introduction

Emphasize effect

of cropping

system on NE

Partial preview of the text

Download Biocontrol Approaches - Integrated Pest Management - Lecture Slides and more Slides Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity!

Recall: Three components interact to

produce different biocontrol approaches

Cropping System

Pest Complex

Natural Enemy

Ideal

Emphasize the NE-Pest Interaction

NE lacks persistence, emphasize introduction

Emphasize effect of cropping system on NE

Types of Biological Control

Classical – Use of NE taken from native home of a

foreign pest. Release once.

Inoculative – Release occasionally. Builds up, controls

pest, then dies out & must be re-introduced.

Augmentative – Add to existing population as needed.
Inundative – Flood area with NE. Not persistent. Similar

to pesticides.

Competitive Exclusion – Mostly applies to use of

hypovirulent pathogen strains out competing virulent

strain.

Conservation – Avoid harming existing NE complex.
Suppressive Soils – In some soils, pest (usually a

pathogen) does not cause much damage.

Points on NE Conservation

• Judicious pesticide use

• Reduce other mortality caused by other

management activity

• Control secondary enemies

• Manipulate host plant attributes

• Provide NE’s ecological requirements

• Genetic enhancement of NE

Points on Suppressive Soils

• Factor responsible often not identified but is

biological (lost on sterilization).

• Have 3 main effects on plant pathogens

Pathogen may not persist
Pathogen establishes but doesn’t cause disease
Initial disease declines with continued monoculture

• Ways to Achieve Suppressive Soils

Soil amendments to alter microbial communities
- Green manures for fungal pathogens
- Adding chitin for nematode control
Crop rotations/intercropping – Some crops encourage

pest-antagonistic microflora.

Pesticides

• Pesticides Defined: Any substance or

mixture of substances, intended for

preventing, destroying, or mitigating any

pest, or intended for use as a plant growth

regulator, defoliant or desiccant. (FIFRA)

• Technically includes biocontrols and plants

bred for pest resistance. Common usage

excludes these.

Pesticide Classification

Pesticides are commonly classified several

ways:

• Chemical class -- Increasingly diverse

• Target Organism

• Mode of Action

• Application timing or usage

Target classification may also

specify growth stages

Ovicides – Eggs
Larvicides – Larvae
Adulticides -- Adults

Mode of Action Examples

Broad Spectrum -- Kills broad range of pests, usually refers to insecticides, fungicides, and bactericides
Contact Poison -- Kills by contacting pest
Disinfectant (Eradicant ) -- Effective against pathogen that has already infected the crop
Germination Inhibitor -- Inhibits germination of weed seeds, fungus spores, bacterial spores.
Nonselective -- Kills broad range of pests and/or crop plants, usually used in reference to herbicides
Nerve Poison -- Interferes with nervous system function
Protectants -- Protects crop if applied before pathogens infect the crop
Repellents -- Repels pest from crop or interferes with pest’s ability to locate crop
Systemic -- Absorbed and translocated throughout the plant to provide protection
Stomach Poison -- Kills after ingestion by an animal

Biocontrol Approaches - Integrated Pest Management - Lecture Slides, Slides of Pest Management

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Biocontrol Approaches - Integrated Pest Management - Lecture Slides and more Slides Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity!

Recall: Three components interact to

produce different biocontrol approaches

Types of Biological Control

foreign pest. Release once.

pest, then dies out & must be re-introduced.

to pesticides.

hypovirulent pathogen strains out competing virulent

strain.

pathogen) does not cause much damage.

Points on NE Conservation

• Judicious pesticide use

• Reduce other mortality caused by other

management activity

• Control secondary enemies

• Manipulate host plant attributes

• Provide NE’s ecological requirements

• Genetic enhancement of NE

Points on Suppressive Soils

• Factor responsible often not identified but is

biological (lost on sterilization).

• Have 3 main effects on plant pathogens

• Ways to Achieve Suppressive Soils

pest-antagonistic microflora.

Pesticides

• Pesticides Defined: Any substance or

mixture of substances, intended for

preventing, destroying, or mitigating any

pest, or intended for use as a plant growth

regulator, defoliant or desiccant. (FIFRA)

• Technically includes biocontrols and plants

bred for pest resistance. Common usage

excludes these.

Pesticide Classification

Pesticides are commonly classified several

ways:

• Chemical class -- Increasingly diverse

• Target Organism

• Mode of Action

• Application timing or usage

Benefits of Pesticides in IPM

• Inexpensive

• Greater control confidence

• Effective and rapid

• Therapeutic

• Management efficiency

• Can enable other management practices

Costs of Pesticides in IPM

• Greater human health threat

• Greater environmental cost

• Detrimental effects on non-target species

• Interferes with other aspects of IPM

• Less sustainable

Pesticide Strategy Vs. Tactic

As a group, pesticides may be therapeutic or

preventative, broad or narrow spectrum, fast or

slow acting, long or short lived, etc.

As individuals, each pesticide occupies one point

on this multidimensional continuum.

The key is to consider each individual pesticide as

a separate tactic in an overall IPM plan.