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BIOD 101 Exam 1 Practice Study Guide: Test Questions with Reviewed Answers, Exams of Nutrition

Bergen Community CollegeNutrition

This study guide provides practice questions and answers for biod 101 exam 1. It covers key concepts related to nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, cell structure, and transport. The guide is designed to help students prepare for the exam by reviewing important topics and understanding the underlying principles.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/01/2025

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1g/g8
BIOD 101 Exam 1 Practice Study Guide Test Questions
With Reviewed Answers Latest 2025/2026 GRADED
A+ 100% COMPLETE
1. a.gNamegthegthreegpartsgofgagnucleicgacidgnucleotide.
b.gWhatgaregthegparticulargtypesgofgeachgofgthesegthatgaregfoundgingDNAgandgwhatga
regthegcorrespondinggtypesgthatgaregfoundgingRNA?:ga.gsugar,gphosphateggroup,gnitr
ogenousgbase
b.gDNA-gdeoxyribose-gphosphateggroup-
gadenine,gguanine,gcytosine,gthyminegRNA-griboseg-phosphateggroup-
gadenine,gguanine,gcytosine,guracil
2. WhatgaregthegfourgmajorgdifferencesgbtwgDNAgandgRNA?:g1.gDNAgcontains
deoxyriboseg-gRNAgisgribose
2. DNA:gthymine
gRNA:guracil
3. DNA:gdoublegstrandedghelixg
RNA:gsinglegstrand
3. DNAgisgoftengdescribedgasgagcoiledgladder.gIngthisgdescription,gwhatgtwogpartsg
ofgagDNAgnucleotidegformgtheguprights?gWhatgpartgformsgthegrungs?:gTheguprightsg
aregthegsugargphosphategbackbone,gandgthegrungsgaregthegbases.
4. Explaingtheg2gdifferencesgbtwghydrolysisgandgdehydrationgcondensation.-
:gDuringgdehydrationgcondensationgbiomacromoleculesgaregsynthesizedgbygjoininggbuil
dinggblockgmonomers.gAgwatergmoleculegisglostgandgenergygisgused.
Biomacromoleculesgaregbrokengdowngintogmonomersgduringghydrolysisgwhengagwatergmol
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Download BIOD 101 Exam 1 Practice Study Guide: Test Questions with Reviewed Answers and more Exams Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity!

BIOD 101 Exam 1 Practice Study Guide Test Questions

With Reviewed Answers Latest 2025/2026 GRADED

A+ 100% COMPLETE

  1. a.gNamegthegthreegpartsgofgagnucleicgacidgnucleotide. b.gWhatgaregthegparticulargtypesgofgeachgofgthesegthatgaregfoundgingDNAgandg whatga regthegcorrespondinggtypesgthatgaregfoundgingRNA?:g a.gsugar,gphosphateg group,gnitr ogenousgbase b.gDNA-gdeoxyribose-gphosphateggroup- gadenine,gguanine,gcytosine,gthymineg RNA-griboseg-phosphateggroup- gadenine,gguanine,gcytosine,guracil
  2. WhatgaregthegfourgmajorgdifferencesgbtwgDNAgandgRNA?:g 1.gDNAgcontains deoxyriboseg-gRNAgisgribose
  3. DNA:gthymine g RNA:guracil
  4. DNA:gdoublegstrandedghelixg RNA:gsinglegstrand
  5. DNAgisgoftengdescribedgasgagcoiledgladder.gIngthisgdescription,gwhatgtwog partsg ofgagDNAgnucleotidegformgtheguprights?gWhatgpartgformsgthegrungs?:g Theg uprightsg aregthegsugargphosphategbackbone,gandgthegrungsgaregthegbases.
  6. Explaingtheg 2 gdifferencesgbtwghydrolysisgandgdehydrationgcondensation.- :g Duringgdehydrationgcondensationgbiomacromoleculesgaregsynthesizedgbygjoiningg buil dinggblockgmonomers.gAgwatergmoleculegisglostgandgenergygisgused. Biomacromoleculesgaregbrokengdowngintogmonomersgduringghydrolysisgwhengagwaterg mol

eculegisgaddedgandgenergygisgreleased.

  1. Tellgwhethergeachgofgthegfollowinggisgcarbohydrate,glipid,gprotein,gorgnucleicg ac id.gThengexplaingthegusegofgeach. GLUCOSE:g Carbohydrate;gusedgasgfuel,gisgreferredgtogasgbloodgsugarginghumansgandg ani mals
  2. Tellgwhethergeachgofgthegfollowinggisgcarbohydrate,glipid,gprotein,gorgnucleicg ac id.gThengexplaingthegusegofgeach. Starch:g Carbohydrate;gthegformgingwhichgplantsgstoregglucose
  3. Tellgwhethergeachgofgthegfollowinggisgcarbohydrate,glipid,gprotein,gorgnucleicg ac id.gThengexplaingthegusegofgeach. Cellulose:g Carbohydrate;gwoodygtissuegingplantsgandgtrees,gindigestiblegfiber
  4. Tellgwhethergeachgofgthegfollowinggisgcarbohydrate,glipid,gprotein,gorgnucleicg ac id.gThengexplaingthegusegofgeach. Triglyceride:g Lipid;gthegmajorgformgofgfuelgstoragegthatgwhengbrokengdowngproducesgtwi cegasgmuchgenergygperggramgthangcarbohydrates
  1. Tellgwhethergeachgofgthegfollowinggisgcarbohydrate,glipid,gprotein,gorgnucleicg ac id.gThengexplaingthegusegofgeach. Glycogen:g Carbohydrate;gthegformgingwhichganimalsgandghumansgstoregglucose
  2. Tellgwhethergeachgofgthegfollowinggisgcarbohydrate,glipid,gprotein,gorgnucleicg ac id.gThengexplaingthegusegofgeach. Insulin:g Protein;gaghormone
  3. Whygaregproteinsgsogoftengusedgtogbuildgstructures?:g Becausegtheygareg "st ructurallygsophisticated".gTheygaregstrong,gyetgflexiblegandgincrediblygdiverse.
  4. Explaingthegfollowinggtermsgingregardgtogproteins: a. Primarygstructure: b. Secondarygstructure:

c. Tertiarygstructure: d. Quaternarygstructure::g a.gAminogacidgmonomersgingaglineargchain b. 2 grepeatinggpatternsgaregpossible;gagspringglikegcoilgofgfibrousgproteinsgwithingtheg line argchaingformsg(alpha- helix)gand/orgingtheglineargchaingthegpatterngsnakesgbackg andgforth;gstronggandgflexiblegb utgnotgelastic.gBothgconformationsgheldgtogethergwithg hydrogengbonds.gIt'sgpossiblegtha tgonegchaingcanghavegbothgpatterns c. Foldinggofgthegsecondarygstructure;g3DgshapegdeterminedgbygR- groupginteractionsg andghydrogengbonds d. Interactionsgbetweengtwogorgmoregpolypeptidegchains.gEachgchainghasgitsgowng prim ary,gsecondary,gandgtertiarygstructure.gneedg 2 gorgmoregpolypeptidegchainsgforgthisgstru cture

  1. ThegbasesgpresentgingnucleicgacidsgcontaingwhatgelementgbesidesgCgandgHg an dgO?:g Nitrogen
  2. Whatgisgthegpropertygthatgmakesgagmoleculegaglipid?:g beingginsolublegingwaterg du egtogthegpresencegofgtheglonggchaingofghydrocarbons
  3. Whatgisgthegmaingreasongforgthegpolaritygofgmostgbiomacromolecules?:g- g Mostgbiomacromoleculesgaregpolargduegtogthegstronglygelectronegativegoxygeng(org ni trogen)gingthegfunctionalggroup
  4. Namegthegbuilding-blockgmolecule(s)gforgeachgofgthegfollowinggbiomacro- g molecules: Proteins:g AminogAcids
  5. Namegthegbuilding-blockgmolecule(s)gforgeachgofgthegfollowinggbiomacro- g molecules:

c.gAghydrocarbonghasgonlygHgandgCgandgcarbsghavegHCO.gHydrocarbonsgaregnotg functio nalggroups.

  1. Whatgaregtheg 3 gtypesgofgcholesterol?:g HDLg(good;gtakesgpotentiallygdangerousg bu ildgupgtogliver),gLDLg("bad";gpotentialgtogcloggvessels),gVLDLg(alsog"bad";gclogsgandg carrie sgtriglycerides)
  2. Explaingtheg 3 gdifferencesgb/tgprokaryoticgandgeukaryoticgcells.:g 1.gProkary- g oticgcellsgaregtypicallygsmallergthangeukaryoticgcells.gMostgaregbetweeng 1 - 10 gmicrom- g etersgingsizeg(aboutg1/30,000gofganginch) 2.gThegDNAgofgagprokaryoticgcellgisgnotgenclosedgingagnucleargmembraneg(prokary- g oticgmeansg"beforegthegnucleus"),gwhereasgEukaryoticgcellsgpossessgagnucleusg3.g Prok aryticgcellsgdognotgcontaingmanygofgtheginternalgmembrane- boundedgorganellesg ofgeukaryoticgcells
  3. Whatgaregthegcomponentsgofgthegcellgmembrane?:g Phospholipidgbi- layergwithg proteinsgandgphospholipidsgembeddedgwithingit.gCholesterolgisgusuallygprese ntgasgwell.
  4. Whatgkindgofgproteinsgcangbegfoundgwithingthegphospholipidgbi-layer?:g Inte- g gral,gPeripheral,gandgglycoproteins.
  5. Whatgisgthegtermgusedgtogdescribegthegtypegofgmoleculesgthatgcangpassgthroug hgthegcellgmembrane?gWhatgaregthegtypesgofg"passive"gtransportgandg "active"gtra nsport?:g Thegmembranegisgselectivelygpermeable.gNogenergyg(ATP)gisgrequiredgforgpas sivegandgsimplegdiffusion,gosmosis,gfiltration,gandgfacilitatedgdiffusion.g Activegrequiresgen ergyg(ATP)gandgothergtypesgaregsecondarygactive,gcotransport,gandgcounter-transport.
  6. Tellghowgeachgofgthegfollowinggwouldgtypicallygentergagcell.gChoosegfromg si mplegdiffusion,gfacilitatedgdiffusion,gpinocytosisgorgphagocytosis.

Gases:g SimplegDiffusion

  1. Tellghowgeachgofgthegfollowinggwouldgtypicallygentergagcell.gChoosegfromg si mplegdiffusion,gfacilitatedgdiffusion,gpinocytosisgorgphagocytosis. Water:g Simplegdiffusiong(Osmosis)
  2. Tellghowgeachgofgthegfollowinggwouldgtypicallygentergagcell.gChoosegfromg si mplegdiffusion,gfacilitatedgdiffusion,gpinocytosisgorgphagocytosis. largegobjectsgsuchgasgothergcells:g Phagocytosis
  3. Tellghowgeachgofgthegfollowinggwouldgtypicallygentergagcell.gChoosegfromg si mplegdiffusion,gfacilitatedgdiffusion,gpinocytosisgorgphagocytosis.

10

  1. Explaingthegfunctiongofgeachgofgthegfollowinggingthegcell: GolgigApparatus:g Responsiblegforgreceivingglipidsgandgproteinsgsynthesizedgbygtheg en doplasmicgreticulum,galteringgtheirgstructuresgandgshippinggthemgtogothergpartsgofg thegc ell
  2. Explaingthegfunctiongofgeachgofgthegfollowinggingthegcell: Lysosome:g possessgdigestivegenzymesgwhichgbreakdowngunwantedgbiomacromol- g ecules
  3. Explaingthegfunctiongofgeachgofgthegfollowinggingthegcell: Mitochondria:g convertgthegchemicalgenergygfoundgingfoodgintogATP

11 tandgthatge sg(innergand

  1. Explaingthegfunctiongofgeachgofgthegfollowinggingthegcell: Chloroplast:g trapsglightgenergygfromgthegsungandgusesgitgtogconvertgCO2gandgH2Og intog glucose
  2. Explaingthegfunctiongofgeachgofgthegfollowinggingthegcell: PlasmagMembrane:g conatainsgspecializedg"pumps"gandg"gates"gthatgregulategtheg pas sagegofgmaterialsgintogandgoutgofgthegcell.gIngprokaryoticgcellsgthegmembranegfoldsg inwardgt ogprovidegagplacegforgreactionsgtogtakegplace
  3. Explaingthegfunctiongofgeachgofgthegfollowinggingthegcell: MicrotubulesgandgMicrofilaments:g Microtubules- gservegasg"roads"gforgorganellesg togtravel.gAftergproteins/lipidsgaregsynthesizedgingthegE Rgtheygtakegmicrotubulesgtog thegGolgigApparatus Microfilaments- gmadegofgproteingpolymersgofgactingthatgprovidegstructuralgsupportgtog cellgshapegandgcellg motility
  4. Explaingthegfunctiongofgeachgofgthegfollowinggingthegcell: CellgWallgandgExtracellulargMatrix:g CellgWall- gcontainsgpolysaccharidegsidegchainsg Extracellulargmatrix-gcontainsgcollagengfibers
  5. BrieflygdescribegPhenylketonuriag(PKU).:g Rare,ggeneticgconditiongingwhichg new borngcan'tgbreakdowngalaninegandgresultsgingagtoxicgbuildgthatgcangbegfatalgifgnotg treated.
  6. Begablegtoglabelgthegdiagramgofgthegcellgmembranegandgundersg ce llgmembranesgaregmostlygpolargandghydrophilicgongthegsurfacg outer) ,gandgnonpolargandghydrophobicgingthegcore.:

13 thangsolution.g usinggthegcell hangsolution.

  1. Defineggapgjunctions:g connectionsgbetweengcellsgwhichgallowgpassagegofgsmall moleculesgandgelectricgcurrent.
  2. Definegisotonicgsolution:g agsolutiongwithgthegsamegconcentrationgasgthatgongtheg oth ergsidegofgthegmembrane "equl"
  3. Defineghypertonicgsolution:g thegsolutiongcontainsgMOREgsoluteg Watergflowsgoutgofgthegcellgtogdiluteghighgconcentrationsgofgsolutesgcag togs hrink
  4. Defineghypotonicgsolution:g thegsolutiongcontainsgLESSgsolutegtg Watergwillgflowgintogthegcellgtogdilutegit,gcausinggthegcellgtog"explOde"
  5. a.gexplainghowgfacilitatedgdiffusiongisgthegsamegasgactivegtransportgand b.ghowgitgisgdifferentgingregardgtogthegconcentrationggradient,gcellgmembraneg prot einsgandgenergy.:g a.gfacilitatedgdiffusiongandgactivegtransportgbothgutilizegcarriergandgch annelgproteinsgtogmovegmoleculesgacrossgtheggradient b.gThegkeygdifferencegbetweengactivegtransportgandgfacilitatedgdiffusiongisgthatgtheg activ egtransportgoccursgagainstgthegconcentrationggradientghence,gutilizesgenergygtog transp ortgmoleculesgacrossgthegmembranegwhilegthegfacilitatedgdiffusiongoccursgalongg thegconc entrationggradientghence,gdoesgnotgutilizegenergygtogtransportgmoleculesg acrossgthegme mbrane.
  6. Explaingandgthengnamegtheg 3 gtypesgofgendocytosis:g agprocessgperformedgbyg cel lsgingordergtogbringgsubstancesgfromgoutsidegthegcellgintogthegcell.gIngthisgprocess,g thegcellg membranegsurroundsgthegitemgtogbeginternalizedgandgbudsgoffginsidegthegcell.g Thisgforme dgvesiclegwillgthengtransportgthegmaterialgtogthegrelevantglocationginsidegtheg cell.
  7. Phagocytosis

14

  1. Pinocytosis
  2. Receptor-mediatedgendocytosisg(RME) 62.g Explaingphagocytosis:g "eating"glargegmacromolecules:
  3. Phagocytesgusegpatterngrecognitiongreceptorsg(PRR)gcalledgTollgLikegReceptorsg(T LR),gwhichgaregmembrane- boundgphagocyticgproteinsgthatgrecognizegpathogeng associatedgmoleculargpatternsg( PAMPS)
  4. TheginteractiongofgTLR/PRRgandgPAMPSgactivatesgcertainggenesgingphagocytesgan dgenhancesgtheirgphagocytic/pathogen-killinggabilities
  5. Phagocyticgcellsgengulfgthegpathogengandgformsgagphagolysosomegvesicle,gwhichg rel easesgtoxicgchemicalsgtogdestroygthegpathogeng(phagocytesgusegtoxicgoxygengtog oxidiz egkeygcellulargconstituentsgofgagpathogen)