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BIOD 151 Final Exam 2025 (Portage Learning) | Human
Anatomy and Physiology | Featuring Topics such as
Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive, Nervous,
Musculoskeletal, Urinary, and Endocrine
Which one of the following is not true of active transport? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Active transport moves particles with the concentration gradient List the three organelles, in order, involved in the synthesis, transport and shipping of proteins. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ribosomes, rough ER, Golgi complex The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. False- (ATP is produced, not ADP) Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T or F) ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False- (This process is called endocytosis)
Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure. (T or F) ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False - endocytosis is an active process and requires cellular energy Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Explain at least two differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. Type I form the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli in junction with capillaries. Make up roughly 95% of alveolar epithelial cells. b. Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface to keep the alveoli open. In addition, Type II cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells. Make up roughly 5% of alveolar epithelial cells.
Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Arytenoid Which cells are most abundant within the alveoli? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------macrophages Which one of the following is not true of the respiratory physiology? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tidal volume is the maximum amount of air able to be inhaled beyond normal inhalation Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? ------ ---CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = RV+ERV True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False - all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane. What is the study of the structure of the human body? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------Anatomy
_______is an example of the organ level of organization in the human body. ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The liver What is the breakdown of nutrients? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Catabolism List the four basic types of tissues. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Epithelium, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue List the three layers of the skin in order from superficial to deep. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. epidermis (outer layer)
- dermis (middle layer)
- hypodermis (inner, also called subcutaneous tissue layer) Testosterone contributes to muscle strength and bone mass. Based upon your learning of metabolism, would it be considered an anabolic or catabolic hormone? Explain why. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Anabolic because it is building new tissues from smaller cells and using energy to do so.
A patient is standing with his hand covering his mouth. He returns his hand to his side, moving into anatomical position. What anatomical action term is best used to indicate the motion occurring at his elbow? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------
- ---Extension What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "upward movement of a structure"? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Elevation Describe the position of the diaphragm in relation to the thoracic cavity in anatomical position terms. Use a full sentence for your description. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The diaphragm is inferior to the thoracic cavity. (OR) The thoracic cavity is superior to the diaphragm. Which anatomical action is occurring at the elbow joint, in the direction of the arrow? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Elbow extension Look at the figure below. The right femur is moved in the direction of the arrow. What anatomical action term best describes this movement? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Abduction (the femur is moving away from midline)
List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity. ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver. True or False: The dorsal body cavity contains the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, and the pelvic cavit the statement to make it a true statement. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False. The dorsal cavity contains the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. The body is divided into anterior and posterior sections by what type of plane? ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Frontal (coronal) A sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline is referred to as what type of plane? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Median/Midsagittal plane A cell beginning to swell ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Hypertonic A red blood cell placed in ocean water ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Hypotonic A cell containing an equal amount of solute as the solution ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Isotonic
amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster.
80 Q Ω FS Quiz Sco How many lobes does the right human lung have? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------Three Lobes Air and food pass in which one of the following areas: ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- --------------Oropharynx Rings of cartilage line much of the respiratory tract. In which of one the following would cartilage NOT be found? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Alveoli
The vestibule is the most external portion of the nasal cavity. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True True/False: Because of diffusion, oxygen naturally moves out of the blood and into the lungs. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False Smoking is often the cause of this disease. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- emphysema With this disease, mucus clogs the respiratory tract. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------cystic fibrosis
From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles In gas exchange (external respiration): ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli The purpose of these cells are the primary immune defense of the alveoli: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------alveolar macrophages Emphysema is a disease which causes air to become trapped in the lungs upon exhalation. If a patient is diagno
- Which of the following pulmonary function values would be abnormally high? -- -------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Residual Volume as it is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after exhalation that cannot be exhaled Polar molecules ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Facilitated diffusion
Explain why a patient with liver disease would have intolerance to fatty foods. ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The liver produces bile which breaks down fats. If it is not producing bile (or less bile), fats will not be broken down effectively. Food enters the stomach from the A via the B sphincter. Food exits the stomach via the C sphincter into the D ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Food enters the stomach from the A : esophagus.
Fat soluble vitamins are stored within the body's fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them. Explain which digestive system functions are carried out by the large intestine. ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Absorption: In the large intestine water and electrolytes are reabsorbed and vitamins are absorbed. Defecation: Feces travel to the rectum where it is excreted via the anus. Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of pepsin. Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pro-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins. large intestine ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Vitamin K Stomach ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Pepsinogen
small intestine ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Secretin What is the purpose of the hormone Leptin? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --Decrease hunger, increase satiety Which of the following statements is false? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- The stomach is located along the right side of the abdomen below the diaphragm. (It is located along the left side of the abdomen below the diaphragm) True/False: Lipids can be divided into three categories: saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and cholesterol. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True True/False: Catabolism combines smaller molecules to make larger molecules. ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False (anabolism) True/False: The nasopharynx is the most superior region of the pharynx. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True
Small Intestine: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Pancreas secretions enter here via Hepatopancreatic ampulla Muscularis externa (layer of tissue): ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Made of two layers of muscle Dentin ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Bone-like substance Common Bile Duct ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Joins with pancreatic duct Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the function of bones? ----- ----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The carpals are an example of short bones. Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning bones? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. A process is a depression found in bone. D. Bones are completely smooth surfaces.
Which of the following statements is FALSE about the skeletal system? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B. The two main divisions of the skeletal system are; vertebral and thoracic. D. The vertebral division of the skeleton is included in the appendicular skeleton. The cranium is formed by bones; the facial skeleton contains bones. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 8 - 14 Which of the following statements is FALSE about the scapula? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The coracoacromial ligament connects the clavicle to the coracoid process Which of the following statements is FALSE about the humerus? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The head of the humerus articulates with the ulna. (The head of the humerus articulates with the scapula) The glenohumeral joint is prone to dislocation. In your own words. (1) Describe dislocation and (2) What happens in dislocation of the glenohumeral joint? ---------
