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A series of questions and answers related to the nervous system, covering topics such as neuron structure, function, and neurotransmission. It includes multiple-choice questions, true/false questions, and short answer questions, offering a comprehensive assessment of understanding. Suitable for students studying biology or related fields.
Typology: Exams
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Nerve
Your Answer: Nerve
This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system.
This part of the autonomic system accelerates the heart beat and increases breathing rate.
Your Answer:
Motor (Efferent)
Your Answer:
motor neurons
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons?
Dendrites
Your Answer:
dendrites
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses towards the cell body.
sympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic
Coorrrecctt! (^) Bipolar
It has two extensions from the central cell body.
Multipolar
Unipolar
Pseudounipolar
True or false: Neurons do not physically touch one another.
Coorrrecctt! (^) True
An afferent neuron carries information:
From the central to the peripheral nervous system
Describe the function and release of neurotransmitters.
Your Answer:
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are stored in the axon terminal vesicles. When neurotransmitters are released they carry the nerve impulse to one neuron to the next.
Neurotransmitters are chemicals stored inside secretory vesicles (axon terminal vesicles) at the end of the axon terminals. When neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal vesicles, they carry the transmission of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another.
Neurons do not physically touch. They are separated by synapses.
False
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 4 of the diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase.
A patient’s spinal cord was severed in a car accident. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their spinal cord? Why or why not?
Your Answer: Yes it would be expected to regrow axons in the spinal cord. If a peripheral nerve axon is severed, the schwann cells grow ahead of the axon which allows the path for the axon to follow as it grows.
No; Only peripheral system axons are capable of regeneration. The spinal cord is in the central nervous system.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:
Coorrrecctt! (^) - 70 mV
Your Answer: Afterpolarization. During afterpolaraization, voltage drops below - 70mV and then returns to - 70mV when the resting state begins again.
Afterpolarization (Hyperpolarization) Potassium gates are slow to close and there is an undershoot of the potential. The charge drops below - 70mV and then returns to - 70mV once at resting state again.
Coorrrecctt!
The NMJ does not have a synapse.
The NMJ terminates on a presynaptic motor neuron.
The NMJ terminates on a muscle fiber.
The NMJ terminates on neurons within the brain and spinal cord.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the neuromuscular junction?
How is a message sent from one neuron to another?
Your Answer:
Your Answer: False. The intensity of a sensation is determined by the number of neurons stimulated. An action potential is always " all or nothing".
False There is no variation in the strength of action potentials. (It is an all-or-nothing response). There is variation in the number and frequency of neurons firing.
Dopamine
Your Answer: Dopamine
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone?
True or False: Action potentials travel in one direction within the same neuron.
Coorrrecctt! (^) True
Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal vesicles then omitted across a synapse to the dendrite of another neuron.
There is a minute fluid-filled space, called a synapse, between the axon terminal of the sending neuron and the dendrite of the receiving neuron. When a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. These bind with a receptor on the next neuron, opening Na+ gates in the receiving dendrite which causes depolarization and the impulse is carried.
Coorrrecctt!
Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary.
Reflexes cannot be tested because they are internal.
Regulation of blood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex.
Reflexes only involve the brainstem or higher levels of processing.
Which of the following statements is true about reflexes?
What is true about the stretch reflex?
Stretch reflexes help to increase the stretch on a muscle.
The patellar reflex tests the stretch reflex of the patella.
Coorrrecctt! (^) The muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle.
The effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle.
Your Answer: A reflex arc
Integration center
Coorrrecctt! (^) F. B&C
E. A&D
D. The effect of the reflex is to create a co-contraction of two muscles
C. It involves inhibitory interneurons.
B. It involves excitatory interneurons.
A. It does not involve interneurons.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
Answer the following essay questions:
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex.
Your Answer: The sensory neuron detects the tap on the patellar tendon, then sends signal through the ganglion in the dorsal root to the spinal cord. Then the sensory neruon synapses in the gray matter of the spinal cord onto a motor neuron in the anterior horn. The motor neuron sends signal through the ventral root and synapses back on the patellar tendon.
