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BIOD 351 PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 2
EXAM 2025 LATEST UPDATE SPRING-
SUMMER 100% VERIFIED TEST PORTAGE
LEARNING (FORMERLY NURS251)
GRADED A+
This exam fully covers all the topics and units in module 2 of biod 351 PHARMACOL0GY PORTAGE LEARNING The FDA created the requirement of OTC medications were to include a 'Drug Facts' label after the 1972 FDA ________ review The _______ ingredients and _________ are at the top of the drug facts label active, purpose The '______' on a drug facts label tells the consumer the recommended uses of the drug/ what it's used for Uses
Comorbidities, drug interactions, side effects, pregnancy/breastfeeding, keeping out of reach of children, and overdose instructions will be found in the '________' section on DFL warning The '__________' section on DFLs contain standard dosages (often divided by age) and include information on amount/number and frequency someone should take the medication directions the 'other information' section on DFLs contains important info relative to proper ________ conditions. Avoiding certain conditions such as extremes in temperate (cold or hot) or excessive moisture ensures the __________ of the medication. storage, stability the 'inactive ingredients' section on DFLs list certain ingredients that, although inactive, may cause unwanted ____________ reactions allergic OTC medications are generally intended for ____-_____ use
the antihistamine ________________ is indicated/used for sneezing/_______
chlorpheniramine, runny nose common active ingredient, OTC antihistamine used specifically for cough/colds. chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine falls under the pharmacologic class of ________________ antihistamines _____________ is the common OTC active ingredient that falls into the antitussive pharm class, and is indicated for a dry cough dextromethorphan Phenylephrine falls under this pharmacologic class: decongestant
A common OTC decongestant active ingredient: phenylephrine OTC medications are also known as ______________ _________________ nonpresctiption medications OTC drug review performed by the FDA was in the year: 1972 OTC Drug Review made sure all OTC medications were both _______ and
safe and effective Indications for use of an OTC drug means the consumer must be able to:
- _________ the condition
- monitor it's _____________
- the benefits of _______ _____ are greater than the risk
the decongestant phenylephrine is indicated/used for treating: nasal congestion Acetaminophen belongs to the _________/________ pharmacologic class analgesic/antipyretic Acetaminophen is indicated/used for treating ____/______ pain/fever Pain/fever are treated by the pharmacologic classes _________/_________ analgesic/antipyretic The primary medication class used to treat allergies: Antihistamine H1 and H2 are ___________ ____________
histamine receptors Antihistamines works on which histamine receptor? H When a drug blocks acetylcholine at its receptor site, resulting in dry eyes, dry mouth, trouble urinating, and constipation it is referred to as: anticholinergic anticholinergic medications block ________________ receptor sites acetylcholine Antihistamines function by competing with ___________ found within the body for the H1 receptors histamines dry mouth, dry eyes, blurred vision, trouble urinating, and constipation are examples of _______________ effects
Fexofenadine has ______ to ______ anticholinergic effects, and _____ to _____ sedative effect. It is known and _________ acting with ______ side effects. low to none, low to none, longer, less Fexofenadine is also known as Allegra Allegra (_____________), because it's longer acting with less side effects, makes it a great choice for ____________ use. fexofenadine, daytime ______________ has a _____ anticholinergic effect, with _____ to _______ sedative effects, making it ________ acting with _____ side effects Loratadine, low, low to none, longer, less Claritin is another name for loratadine
loratadine is commonly known as claritin management of nasal allergies, urticaria (itching) and symptoms of the common cold are commonly indicated for the use of antihistamines antihistamines can also be used for motion sickness, ______________ symptoms, __________, and insomnia parkinsons, vertigo common nasal steroids include ___________(flonase), and _______________ __________(nasocort) fluticasone, triamcinolone acetonide common OTC meds used for heartburn include _______ ________ inhibitors(PPI)s, antacids, and ___ receptor antagonists proton pump, H
cimetidine(__________) has a higher risk of ______ _______________ tagamet, drug interactions PPIs treat heartburn via binding to the ______ ______ responsible for ____________ of ________ ____ proton pump, secretion, gastric acid if ______ are needed daily for ___ or more days, the patient should consult with a physician prior to continuing use PPIs, 14 analgesics are OTC pain medications antipyretics are OTC anti-fever medications
acetaminphen (tylenol), ibuprofen (______ or advil), naproxen(______), and aspirin are the main/most common OTC motrin, aleve, analgesics the most widely used non-opioid analgesic is acetaminophen taking more than the recommended dose of acetaminophen can lead to liver ________ toxicity NSAIDs (____-_______ _____-__________ drug), is a class of analgesics such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin). non-steroidal anti-inflammatory NSAIDs treat _____________, similarly to acetaminophen, making them particularly helpful in treating pain associated with ______________
drug class that aspirin is in: ______-____________ NSAID-salicylate aspirin inhibits __________ aggregation, making it useful for avoiding blood clots (such as with a heart attack) platelet ibuprofen and naproxen fall into this drug class: _______-__________ _______
NSAID-propionic acid derivative ibuprofen + naproxen are better tolerated than _________, especially due to naproxen's ________ duration of action = less frequent dosing aspirin, longer NRt stands for nicotine replacement therapy
OTC examples of NRT for smoking cessation: patch, gum, lozenge transdermal patches for NRT are available in __ different strengths, and uses stepwise ___________ in dose over time 3, reduction gum for NRT is commonly used in conjunction with other OTC therapies due to its _______ relief of symptoms. Onset of action for NRT gum is ___ min. acute, 30 lozenge for NRT can be used for _______ symptoms acute NRT gum should be used in a ______ and _______ process, waiting for tingling, for a max chewing time of ___ min.
_______________ medicine = alternative medicine when used in combo with western medicine complementary dietary supplements differ in regulation via not needing to prove __________ efficacy in 2007 the FDA began requiring manufacturers of dietary supplements to comply with _______ ______________ ___________ good manufacturing practices good manufacturing pracrices include being required to demonstrate product _________, composition, quality, ________, and strength, as well as being able to demonstrate that products are free from ________________ identity, purity, contaminants st johns wort is used for depression, anxiety, _______ _________, but should not be combined with certain __________________, as it has many potential drug interactions
sleep disorders, antidepressants st johns wort has some evidence for its use for depression, although that evidence is _____________ at best inconsistent ginkgo is commonly used to prevent _____________ _____, and the most recent research shows ________ of efficacy. It is generally safe and well tolerated. memory loss, lack garlic is commonly used for ________ __________, though there's confliction evidence for ______________ cholesterol; minimal/weak evidence for ____________ BP cardiac health, lowering, lowering garlic is generally safe in the amounts ingested in food, but does increase ___________ and has some known drug interactions bleeding
