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BIOL 1001 Exam Week 4 / BIOL1001 Week 4 Exam /
BIOL 1001 Review Test Submission: Exam Week 4
(Latest): Introduction to Biology (ANSWERS VERIFIED
100% CORRECT)
Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the
genetic material of bacteriophages? - answers - :Hershey and Chase
Which of the following statements about eukaryotic RNA is true? - answers - :Exons are spliced
together
Conjugation - answers - :is the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another
A friend accidentally sends an email to you that contains a computer virus from his computer. Without knowing it, you infect your computer with the virus when you open the email. This process of spreading the computer virus using emails is most like which of the following
processes? - answers - :transduction
Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA? - answers
- :initiation of a new RNA molecule
Which of the following statements about plant viruses is false? - answers - :There are many
successful ways to rid infected plants of a virus.
How do viroids harm the plants that are infected with them? - answers - :by altering the plants'
growth
DNA replication - answers - :uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation
of a new strand
Which of the following statements is false? - answers - :The lysogenic cycle typically results in
the rapid lysis of all infected cells
Which of the following statements about herpesviruses is false? - answers - :Herpesviruses
reproduce inside the host cell's mitochondria
HIV does the greatest damage to - answers - :white blood cells
A protein coat enclosing a viral genome is known as a(n) - answers - :capsid
When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, the new DNA contains -
answers - :50% of the parent DNA
Exposure to the HIV virus doesn't necessarily mean that a person will develop AIDS. Some people have genetic resistance to infection by HIV. Dr. Stephen O'Brien from the U.S. National Cancer Institute has recently identified a mutant form of a gene, called CCR5, that can protect against HIV infection. The mutation probably originated in Europe among survivors of the bubonic plague. The mutated gene prevents the plague bacteria from attaching to cell membranes and, therefore, from entering and infecting body cells. Although the HIV virus is very different from the bacteria that causes the plague, both diseases affect the exact same cells and use the same method of infection. The presence of the mutated gene in descendants of plague survivors helps prevent them from contracting AIDS. Pharmaceutical companies are using this information as the basis for a new approach to AIDS prevention. This would be very
important in a - answers - :coding for a protective protein in the cell membrane
The way that genetic material of a bacteriophage enters a bacterium is most like the way that -
answers - :a drug is injected with a hypodermic needle
Which of the following assumptions or observations is not part of Darwin's idea of natural
selection? - answers - :Whether an organism survives and reproduces is almost entirely a matter
of random chance Lyell's book Principles of Geology, which Darwin read on board the H.M.S. Beagle, argued in
favor of which of the following concepts? - answers - :Earth's surface is shaped by natural forces
that act gradually and are still acting
Which of the following best expresses the concept of natural selection? - answers - :differential
reproductive success based on inherited characteristics Broccoli, cabbages, and brussels sprouts all descend from the same wild mustard and can still
interbreed. These varieties were produced by - answers - :artificial selection
Humans share several features with salamanders. Certain genes and proteins are nearly identical between the two species; both species have four limbs with a similar skeletal structure; the species' early embryos are very similar; and where the salamander has a
functional tail, humans have a vestigial tailbone. In evolutionary terms, these are examples of -
answers - :homology
During the 1950s, a scientist named Lysenko tried to solve the food shortages in the Soviet Union by breeding wheat that could grow in Siberia. He theorized that if individual wheat plants were exposed to cold, they would develop additional cold tolerance and pass it to their offspring. Based on the ideas of artificial and natural selection, do you think this project worked
as planned? - answers - :No, because there was no process of selection based on inherited
traits. Lysenko assumed that exposure could induce a plant to develop additional cold tolerance and that this tolerance would be passed to the plant's offspring
In populations of the greater prairie chicken in Illinois, genetic diversity was - answers - :lost
through genetic drift and restored by gene flow
Which of the following statements regarding natural selection is false? - answers - :Natural
selection starts with the creation of new alleles that are directed toward improving an organism's fitness The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium is equal to - answers - :p
Frequency-dependent selection, as seen in the case of the scale-eating fish in Lake Tanganyika,
tends to - answers - :maintain two phenotypes in a dynamic equilibrium in a population
Mate-attracting features such as the bright plumage of a male peacock result from - answers -
:intersexual selection
Microevolution, or evolution at its smallest scale, occurs when - answers - :a population's allele
frequencies change over a span of generations
Which of the following represents a pair of homologous structures? - answers - :the wing of a
bat and the flipper of a whale
Genetic drift resulting from a disaster that drastically reduces population size is called - answers
- :the bottleneck effect
Which part of organisms shares the most recent common ancestor? - answers - :lizard and
ostrich
The core theme of biology, which explains both the unity and diversity of life, is - answers -
:evolution
Which of the following is a part of the immune system? - answers - :bone marrow
Which of the following imaging techniques is best suited for visualizing fine anatomic detail in
the brain? - answers - :magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Unlike both smooth and skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle - answers - :has branched cells
Fingernails are a component of the ________ system - answers - :integumentary
Some animals have evolved a body form that allows them to run very fast, while others run more slowly. Whereas a cheetah can run at speeds over 50 mph, an elephant can barely run at
15 mph. The most important physical factor behind this variance is the difference in - answers -
:the ratio of muscle to their total body mass
Geckos are able to walk up walls and across ceilings because of - answers - :the many hairs on
their toes that form bonds with the wall and ceiling surface.
Which is the most abundant kind of tissue in an animal, such as a gorilla? - answers - :muscle
X-ray imaging is routinely used to check for all of the following except - answers - :brain
disorders Which of the following imaging techniques is used for visualizing areas of high or low metabolic
activity? - answers - :position-emission tomography (PET)
Which of the following items has a shape most like a squamous epithelial cell? - answers - :a
fried egg
Cells receive material such as food, minerals, and oxygen from the outside world through -
answers - :interstitial fluid
Under normal conditions, blood sugar levels are controlled within a narrow range by negative feedback. Two hormones are involved in maintaining blood sugar levels at the set point (about 90 mg of glucose/100 ml of blood). When blood sugar levels rise above the set point, the hormone insulin signals the liver to absorb the excess sugar. When blood sugar levels drop below the set point, the hormone glucagon signals the liver to release its stored glucose to the bloodstream. In juvenile onset diabetes, the body doesn't produce enough insulin and insulin supplements are required. If you hadn't eaten for several hours, which hormone would be
responsible for returning your glucose levels to the set point? - answers - :glucagon
Which of the following is closely associated with the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems?
- answers - :the circulatory system
The respiratory system includes all of the following structures except the - answers - :esophagus
Connective tissue is different from the other major tissue types in that - answers - :the cells are
sparsely scattered through a nonliving matrix
Homeostasis - answers - :is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal state
The connection between structure and ________ is a basic concept of biology. - answers -
:function Which of the following is formed from a matrix of collagen fibers embedded in a hard mineral
substance? - answers - :bone
Both mitosis and meiosis are preceded by? - answers - :interphase
Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they? - answers - :are
housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus
During which stage of meiosis do synapsis and crossing over occur? - answers - :prophase I
Which of the following shows the greatest promise as a cancer chemotherapy agent? - answers
- :a drug that prevents mitotic spindle from forming The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of
sperm and egg, is called? - answers - :asexual reproduction
When animal cells are grown in a petri dish, they typically stop dividing once they have formed
a single, unbroken layer on the bottom of the dish. This arrest of division is an example of? -
answers - :density-dependent inhibition
Which of the following features likely accounts for the difference between plant and animal cell
cytokinesis? - answers - :plant cells have cell walls
The formation of cell plate occurs on? - answers - :plant cell in telophase
You are asked to culture an unidentified sample of animal tissue. You notice that the cells seem
to fail to exhibit density-dependent inhibition. The source of this tissue sample is most likely? -
answers - :a cancer
Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotes is false? - answers - :prokaryotic
chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures
called? - answers - :sister chromatids
Which of the following statements regarding Down Syndrome is false? - answers - :down
syndrome is least likely to be seen in the infants of mothers over 40 Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I results in an increase in the number
of - answers - :possible combinations of characteristics
Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell
division? - answers - :formation of a cell plate
Mr. and Mrs. Smith have three sons in elementary school. Two of their children are progressing normally, but their last son, Charles, has been much slower than his siblings at developing speech and language skills. His parents are concerned that he has a learning disability and decide to investigate further. Since some learning disabilities can be genetically based, their pediatrician recommends a chromosomal analysis. The results show that Charles has a trisomy of the sex chromosomes, diagnosed as XYY, which is caused by nondisjunction in the formation of the father's sperm. The nondisjunction resulted in an extra copy of the Y chromosome. The extra copy was passed on to Charles during fertilization. Most often, this chromosomal change causes no unusual physical features or medical problems, but those with trisomy of the sex chromosomes do have a higher than normal risk of delays in learning development. During whic
- answers - :anaphase II During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two
spindle poles? - answers - :metaphase
Which of the following statements best explains why dominant alleles that cause lethal
disorders are less common than recessive alleles that cause lethal disorders? - answers - :Most
individuals carrying a lethal dominant allele have the disorder and die before they reproduce, whereas individuals carrying a lethal recessive allele are more likely to be healthy and reproduce All the offspring of a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have pink
flowers. This means that the allele for red flowers is ________ to the allele for white flowers. -
answers - :incompletely dominant
The phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross showing independent assortment is
expected to be - answers - :9:3:3:
Which of the following statements regarding cross-breeding and hybridization is false? -
answers - :The hybrid offspring of a cross are the P1 generation
All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed mendelien and an orange-eyed mendelien have black eyes. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between two orange-eyed
mendeliens? - answers - :0 black-eyed: 1 orange-eyed
Mendel conducted his most memorable experiments on - answers - :peas
Which of the following statements regarding prenatal testing is false? - answers - :Chorionic
villus sampling is typically performed later in the pregnancy than amniocentesis Imagine that beak color in a finch species is controlled by a single gene. You mate a finch homozygous for orange (pigmented) beak with a finch homozygous for ivory (unpigmented) beak and get numerous offspring, all of which have a pale, ivory-orange beak. This pattern of
color expression is most likely to be an example of - answers - :incomplete dominance
All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed mendelien and an orange-eyed mendelien have black eyes. This means that the allele for black eyes is ________ the allele for orange eyes.
- answers - :dominant to You conduct a dihybrid cross. A ________ ratio would make you suspect that the genes are
linked. - answers - :12:1:1:
The mechanism that "breaks" the linkage between linked genes is - answers - :crossing over
Any gene located on the sex chromosome? - answers - :is called a sex-linked gene
Which of the following statements regarding hypothesis about inheritance is false? - answers -
:the blending hypothesis suggest that all of the traits of the offspring come from either the mother or the father
What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male? - answers - :one X
chromosome and one Y chromosome
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance in humans? - answers -
:hypercholesterolemia According to scientist about what percent of men currently living in Central Asia may be
descended from the Mongolian Genghis Khan? - answers - :8%
A colorblind woman marries a man who is not color-blind. All of their sons, but none of their
daughters, are colorblind. Which of the following statements correctly explains these results? -
answers - :the gene for color vision is found on the X chromosome
very different from the bacteria that causes the plague, both diseases affect the exact same cells and use the same method of infection. The presence of the mutated gene in descendants of plague survivors helps prevent them from contracting AIDS. Pharmaceutical companies are using this information as the basis for a new approach to AIDS prevention. This would be very
important in a - answers - :virus locates host cell → penetrates cell membrane → enters nucleus
→ alters host cell DNA → host cell produces copies of virus We would expect that a 15-nucleotide sequence ending with a stop codon will direct the
production of a polypeptide that consists of - answers - :4 amino acids
Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this
sentence is most like a base substitution mutation? - answers - :The doe did not eat
The envelope of a mumps virus: - answers - :helps the virus enter the cell
Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this
sentence is most like a reading frame mutation? - answers - :The dod idn ote at
________ marks the end of a gene and causes transcription to stop. - answers - :a terminator
