Download BIOL 222: MICROBIOLOGY MIDTERM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 - JACKSO and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025 - JACKSONVILLE
UNIVERSITY (FL)
SARS-CoV - correct answers severe acute respiratory syndrome; CORONAVIRUS; caused an outbreak in Canada because of the interference of hospitals ability to care and keep practitioners safe. It lead to major changes in how medical systems operate. MERS-CoV - correct answers Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; transmitted by respiratory droplets including coughing and sneezing Robert Hooke - correct answers coined the term cell, used this term because by looking at a small microbe in a plant and knew they were separate compartments. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - correct answers First person to accurately describe living microbes, and created a simple microscope. Louis Pasteur - correct answers coined the theory that living things only arise from other living things, not just spontaneously appears something has to get into foods to rot and developed pasteurization which preserves food. Florence Nightingale - correct answers Linked infections diseases with mortality first to use statistics to demonstrate who was dying from what and complied data into a graph on causes of mortality in soldiers leading to innovations in military medical care.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025 - JACKSONVILLE
UNIVERSITY (FL)
Robert Koch - correct answers Verified the germ theory and isolated specific bacteria that were cause able agents of diseases (b.anthrax, TB) developed methodology for conclusively determining the etiology of disease. Joseph Lister - correct answers Showed that surgical wound infections rates could be dramatically reduced by using carbolic acid to disinfect surgical tools, bandages, and surgical sites. recognized negative consequences of being operated on as they would get horrible diseases and die from dirty hands from the surgeons. John Snow - correct answers Determined the source of a Cholera outbreak in London. Cellular microbes - correct answers Having a cell (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, Eukaryotes) Need to eat, breath, water living things like us. Acellular microbes - correct answers No cell (viruses, viroids, and prions) not living, proteins with some genetic material. Bacteriology - correct answers study of prokaryotes Mycology - correct answers study of fungi Phycology - correct answers study of algae
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025 - JACKSONVILLE
UNIVERSITY (FL)
Ebola causes - correct answers Caused by a very simple virus that has only 7 genes to makeup its whole system (genome is made up of 7 genes) Epidemology - correct answers Study of outbreaks and how diseases are transmitted- as soon as identified then can put in interventions to stop people from getting affected. Atom - correct answers Smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element. subatomic particles - correct answers protons, neutrons, electrons Nucleus - correct answers contains protons and neutrons Bohr Diagram - correct answers illustrates the chemical properties of how elements will interact with each other. Why is water the basis of the earth? - correct answers Its a polar molecule that dissolves charged molecules (DNA, glucose, and many proteins) Proton - correct answers positively charged particle that defines which element it is.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025 - JACKSONVILLE
UNIVERSITY (FL)
Isotope - correct answers atom that has an unusual atomic mass not equaling the number of neutrons Molecule - correct answers A combination of two or more atoms Compounds - correct answers Molecules formed from two or more different elements and are held together by chemical bonds covalent bond - correct answers chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. ionic bonds - correct answers Chemical bonds formed when an atom gives up an electron Polar molecules - correct answers atoms that do not share electrons equally, has a net dipole in which the atom with more protons pulls electrons from lesser atom towards itself. Nonpolar molecules - correct answers atoms that share electrons equally.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025 - JACKSONVILLE
UNIVERSITY (FL)
Base - correct answers A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. a component that releases excess OH- into water pH - correct answers a measure of the concentration of H+ in solution/ a measurement of H+ pH scale - correct answers ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic); 7 being neutral Neutralization - correct answers Balance of the number of OH- and H+ Proteins - correct answers Shapers of life, 20 different AA, can be structural(cytoskeleton), mechanical(dyein), enzymatic (enzymes-biological catalysts) Protein shape - correct answers To be functional they have to fold into specific shapes in order for them to interact with molecules. Native state - correct answers when proteins are being functional. The functional three-dimensional form of a protein Denatured - correct answers when a protein loses its natural shape, or the native state has been disrupted.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025 - JACKSONVILLE
UNIVERSITY (FL)
Lipids - correct answers will dissolve non polar solvents but not in polar solvents such as water Phospholipids - correct answers a lipid consisting amphiphatic, and of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group that creates cellular membranes in cells. Carbohydrates - correct answers the starches and sugars present in foods, our cells love it as it is a way to access energy and build other fundamental biomolecules. polar charged. RNA - correct answers ribose sugar with an O on the specific location on the 5 carbon sugar, messenger which gets converted into AA sequence (translation) which creates proteins in which manipulate lipids, sugars, and polysaccharides and makes more nucleotides. Monosaccharides - correct answers Single sugar molecules eg) Glucose Disaccharide - correct answers A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. eg) Sucrose
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025 - JACKSONVILLE
UNIVERSITY (FL)
Isolated Colonies - correct answers Population on an agar plate that arise from division of a single cell, different species from colonies with distinct characteristics or morphology. Inoculation - correct answers Adding a small amount of sample to a media to grow a culture (urine, swab Isolated colonies - correct answers colonies that are completely separated from all other microbial growth on the plate Differential media - correct answers contains chemicals that allow distinction of different types of bacteria based on colony morphology Selective media - correct answers Prevents growth of a specific group of microbes while allowing growth of others. Targets general groups eg) gram - or + Enriched media - correct answers important for growing fastidious microbes which need a lot of special nutrients requirements to grow in a lab fastidious microbes - correct answers require growth factors and complex nutrients in order to grow in a lab. (may rely on host for nutrients)
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025 - JACKSONVILLE
UNIVERSITY (FL)
Agglutination - correct answers Clumping of microorganisms due to an antigen- antibody interaction. If they antibodies do detect, they bind to specific surface antigens on microbes. obligate parasites - correct answers unable to grow outside of a living host Gram + bacteria - correct answers - envelope absorbs crystal violet stain and appears deep purple
- have thick layer of peptidoglycan (made of AA and sugar)
- contain lipoteichoic acid (activates human's immune system so it provides protection from host's immune system) Gram - bacteria - correct answers - envelope absorbs safranin and appears pink-red
- contain smaller amount of peptidoglycan but has an outermemebrane
- contains lipopolysaccharides (triggers immune system response in humans) Facultative parasite - correct answers prefers dead organic matter as a source of nutrition but can adapt to the use of living organic matter under certain conditions. Disinfection - correct answers A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores, from inanimate objects
