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BIOL 235 Final Review questions with correct
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Which of the following blood cell types normally compromises the highest percentage of the blood component labeled 2 in the figure? A) eosinophils B) monocytes C) lymphocytes D) neutrophils E) basophils - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D The process by which the formed elements of the blood develop is called A) hematospermia B) hemopoiesis C) thrombocytosis D) hemostasis E) polycythemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B The major functions of a red blood cell is A) nutrient transport B) cytokine stimulation C) blood cell proliferation D) gas transport E) disease resistance - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D Which of the following blood cells is a phagocyte? A) neutrophil B) platelet
C) lymphocyte D) basophil E) erythrocyte - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A Which of the following hormones stimulates the development of megakaryoblasts? A) erythropoietin B) thrombopoietin C) nitric oxide D) human growth hormone E) heparin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting are identical after formation of A) thromboplastin B) prothrombinase C) clotting factor XII D) fibrin E) tissue factor - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B Clotting of an unbroken blood vessel is called? A) embolism B) hemolysis C) fibrinolysis D) agglutination E) thrombosis - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ E What blood type is a person if their plasma contains only anti-A agglutinin? A) A B) B
Why does not a significant amount of blood flow back into the vena cava and coronary sinus during atrial contraction? A) the tricuspid valve blocks the venous openings B) the bicuspid valve blocks the venous openings C) the contraction of the atria compresses and closes the venous openings D) the semilunar valves block the venous openings E) the venous valves block the venous openings - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by... A) desmosomes B) tight junctions C) gap junctions D) interneurons E) chordae tendinae - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ C Which of the following occurs at the beginning of the ventricular diastole? A) p wave B) r wave C) q wave D) qrs complex E) t wave - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D In comparison the skeletal muscle fibers, the contractile fibers of the heart are depolarized for ______ period of time. A) a shorter B) a longer C) the same - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B
Which term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises? A) filling B) systole C) repolarization D) diastole E) fibrillation - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B Which event occurs during ventricular systole? A) depolarization of the SA node B) isovolumetric contraction C) filling of the atria D) opening of the AV valves E) ventricular pressure drops - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B The frank starling law of the heart states that the heart is dependent upon the autonomic nervous system for a stimulus contract... A) the heart is dependent upon the autonomic nervous system for a stimulus to contract B) the absolute refractory period for the heart must be longer than the duration of contraction for efficient heart functioning C) the heart contracts to the fullest extent possible for the conditions, or not at all D) cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by stroke volume - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D Which of the labeled layers in the diagram of the arterial wall consists mainly of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers? A) A B) B C) C D) A and B
C) cardiac output D) cardiac reserve E) total peripheral resistance - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ C Which of the following would be a normal response of the cardiovascular system to a decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors? A) increased systemic vascular resistance B) increased parasympathetic stimulation C) decreased heart rate D) decreased stroke volume E) decreased cardiac output - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A When chemoreceptors in blood vessels detect high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, they stimulate all of the following changes except: A) increased vasoconstriction of arterioles B) increased blood pressure C) decreased respiratory rate D) increased sympathetic stimulation of arterioles and veins E) increased vasoconstriction of veins - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ C Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is A) 120/ B) 130/ C) 80/ D) 100/ E) 150/85 - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A This type of shock is due to decreased blood volume... A) hypovolemic B) cardiogenic
C) vascular D) obstructive E) neurogenic - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A The pulmonary trunk divides into A) brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery B) right and left subclavian arteries C) right and left pulmonary veins D) right and left pulmonary arteries E) right and left common carotid arteries - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D The left subclavian vein receives lymph from the... A) left axillary vein B) lumbar trunk C) jugular trunk D) thoracic duct E) right lymphatic duct - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D Lymph travels to the efferent lymphatic vessel from which structure in the figure? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D In which part of the thymus are T cells thought to die? A) capsule B) trabeculae C) epithelial cells
D) RBC
E) epitope cells - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A To become activated, which of the following requires being bound to a foreign antigen AND simultaneous costimulation? A) B cell B) T cell C) interferon D) MHC antigen E) antigen presenting cell - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B Which class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, tears, breast milk and GI secretions? A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgD E) IgE - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B Which of the following lists contains only antigen presenting cells (APCS)? A) helper T cells, cytotoxic cells, memory T cells B) B cells, T cell, natural killer cells C) cells, plasma cells, memory B cells D) B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages E) neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called... A) meatuses B) hypopharynx palatine C) fauces
D) vestibule - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ C Where are the nasal meatuses? A) A B) C C) T D) U E) V - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ E The function of the epiglottis is to A) close off the larynx during swallowing B) hold the pharynx open during speech C) produce surfactant D) vibrate to produce sound as air passes over it E) hold the glottis open during inspiration - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) all of these choices - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ C The muscles that elevates the ribs for breathing are the... A) internal intercostal muscles B) external intercostal muscles C) diaphragm and external intercostal muscles D) diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles E) all of these choices - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B
Which of the following is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport? A) bound to hemoglobin B) bound to oxygen C) dissolved in plasma as a gas D) dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions E) diffusion - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration? A) in the medulla B) in the pons C) in the cerebrum D) in the hypothalamus E) in the cerebellum - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A The capability of the GI tract to move material along its length is called (1) motility, (2) propulsion, (3) digestion, (4) defecation. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 4 only E) both 1 and 2 - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ E Which of the following are classified as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders? A) chronic bronchitis B) emphysema C) pneumonia D) asthma E) A and B are correct - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ E
Which layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels? A) mucosa B) lamina propria C) MALT D) muscularis E) epithelium - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B Name the layer labeled A A) submucosa B) serosa C) longitudinal muscle D) mucosa E) circular muscle - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ E Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion? A) because they stimulate the parasympathetic nerves supplying the GI tract B) because they stimulate the somatic nerves that supply the GI tract C) because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract D) they do not affect digestion E) because all emotions are controlled by the vagus nerve - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ C The hard palate...(1) is the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth, (2) is formed by the maxillae and palatine bones, and (3) is covered by a mucous membrane. A) 2 only B) 1 only C) 3 only D) both 1 and 2
The sodium bicarbonate in pancreatic juice elevates the pH of chyme, which in turn... A) blocks the action of pepsin B) creates favorable conditions for the actions of intestinal enzymes C) stimulates the secretion of secretin D) A and B are correct E) A, B and C are correct - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? A) conversion of carbohydrates B) protein metabolism C) storage of bilirubin D) phagocytosis E) storage of vitamins - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ C Which of the following small intestine cells secrete lysozymes? A) goblet cells B) absorptive cells C) mucosa cells D) paneth cells E) S cells - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D Which substrate is correctly matched to the brush border enzymes that digest it? A) carbohydrate: a-dextrinase, maltase, lactase, sucrase B) protein: aminopeptidase, dipeptidase C) nucleotide: nucelosidases, phosphatases D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A
Functions of the large intestine include A) production of certain vitamins B) haustral churing C) mass peristalsis D) formation of feces E) all of the above - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ E Which hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine? A) pepsin B) secretin C) gastrin D) cholecystokinin E) amylase - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B Which of the following is not a form of phosphorylation? A) reduction phosphorylation B) substrate level phosphorylation C) oxidative phosphorylation D) photophosphorylation E) none of these choices - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A Which of the following is not true of catabolism? A) glycolysis is a catabolism process B) catabolism reactions convert complex molecules into simpler ones C) formation of a peptide bond is a catabolic process D) most catabolic reactions are exothermic E) amylase is a catabolic enzyme - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ C
E) production of heat is important - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A Which of the following is a factor that does not affect heat production? A) exercise B) hormones C) nervous system D) ingestion of food E) blood volume - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ E Which mineral is the most abundant mineral in the body? A) calcium B) sodium C) magnesium D) phosphorus E) iron - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys? A) urea B) glucose C) insulin D) cholesterol E) carbon dioxide - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A This is smooth dense irregular tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter A) adipose capsule B) renal capsule C) renal hilus D) renal cortex
E) renal medulla - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ B Which is the correct order of filtrate flow? A) glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), nephron (henle) loop, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct B) nephron loop, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, collecting duct C) ascending limb of loop, PCT, DCT, collecting duct D) collecting duct, DCT, PCT, collecting duct, glomerular capsule E) PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, collecting duct, nephron loop - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ A Urine formed by the nephron first drains into these... A) H B) I C) J D) K E) L - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D Components of the renal corpuscle include the... - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ glomerulus and glomerular capsule Which pressure opposes glomerular filtration? A) blood colloidal osmotic pressure B) capsular hydrostatic pressure C) glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure D) A and B are correct E) A, B and C are correct - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ D This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate A) reabsorption
