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Biology 112 Exam 1 - Key Concepts and Definitions, Exams of Biology

A study guide or review material for a biology 112 exam. It covers a wide range of fundamental topics in biology, including systematics, biodiversity, taxonomy, classification, phylogeny, the three domains of life (archaea, eubacteria, eukarya), the six kingdoms of life, evolutionary concepts like homology, analogy, natural selection, genetic drift, and speciation, as well as some key terms and principles related to population genetics and microbiology. The level of detail and the comprehensive nature of the content suggest this document could be useful as study notes, lecture notes, or a summary for students preparing for an exam in an introductory-level biology course. The questions and answers provided indicate a focus on testing and evaluating student understanding of these core biological concepts.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 10/19/2024

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BIOLOGY 112 EXAM 1
QUESTIONS WITH THE
LATEST AND UPDATED
SCORE.
1) systematics -- Answer ✔✔ an analytical approach to
understanding the diversity and evolutionary relationships of an
organism, both present day and extinct
2) biodiversity -- Answer ✔✔ variety of organisms and the
ecosystems they form
3) taxonomy -- Answer ✔✔ ordered division of organisms into
categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess
similarities and differences
4) classification -- Answer ✔✔ grouping organisms by their
similarities or relationships
5) phylogeny -- Answer ✔✔ 1. evolutionary history of a group of
organisms from a common ancestor; 2. classifications based on
common ancestors; 3. based on structural, behavioral, molecular,
and other similarities
6) clade -- Answer ✔✔ group with a common ancestor; taxa are
monophyletic
7) Linneus -- Answer ✔✔ "Father of modern technology" who
developed binomial nomenclature
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BIOLOGY 112 EXAM 1

QUESTIONS WITH THE

LATEST AND UPDATED

SCORE.

  1. systematics -- Answer ✔✔ an analytical approach to understanding the diversity and evolutionary relationships of an organism, both present day and extinct
  2. biodiversity -- Answer ✔✔ variety of organisms and the ecosystems they form
  3. taxonomy -- Answer ✔✔ ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences
  4. classification -- Answer ✔✔ grouping organisms by their similarities or relationships
  5. phylogeny -- Answer ✔✔ 1. evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor; 2. classifications based on common ancestors; 3. based on structural, behavioral, molecular, and other similarities
  6. clade -- Answer ✔✔ group with a common ancestor; taxa are monophyletic
  7. Linneus -- Answer ✔✔ "Father of modern technology" who developed binomial nomenclature
  1. binomial nomenclature -- Answer ✔✔ genus name + specific epither
  2. three domains -- Answer ✔✔ Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya
  3. Archaea -- Answer ✔✔ lack simple RNA polymerase
  4. Eubacteria -- Answer ✔✔ peptidoglycan in cell walls
  5. Eukarya -- Answer ✔✔ eukaryotes
  6. 6 kingdoms -- Answer ✔✔ bacteria, archaea, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia
  7. bacteria kingdom -- Answer ✔✔ autotrophs and heterotrophs
  8. archaea kingdom -- Answer ✔✔ extremophiles
  9. protista kingdom -- Answer ✔✔ autotrophs, heterotrophs, protozoa, algae, slime mold
  10. plantae kingdom -- Answer ✔✔ photosynthetic autotrophs
  11. fungi kingdom -- Answer ✔✔ heterotrophic, absorbers, saprotrophs
  12. animalia kingdom -- Answer ✔✔ heterotrophic ingestive
  13. homology -- Answer ✔✔ similarity due to shared ancestry
  14. analogy -- Answer ✔✔ similarity due to convergent evolution
  15. Alfred Wallace -- Answer ✔✔ co-authored theory of natural selection with Darwin
  1. sympatric speciation -- Answer ✔✔ new species evolves within the same geographic region as parental species
  2. Hardy-Weinberg principle -- Answer ✔✔ Allele and genotype frequencies do not change from generation to generation in a population at genetic equilibrium
  3. Hardy-Weinberg principle only applies if -- Answer ✔✔ mating is random in population • no net mutations change allele frequencies • population is large • individuals don't migrate between populations • natural selection does not occur
  4. stabilizing selection -- Answer ✔✔ favors the mean over genotypic extremes
  5. directional selection -- Answer ✔✔ favors one phenotypic extreme over another, causing shift in phenotypic mean
  6. disruptive selection -- Answer ✔✔ favors two or more phenotypic extremes
  7. bacteriophage -- Answer ✔✔ viruses that parasitize bacteria; also called just phages
  8. prophage -- Answer ✔✔ provirus; becomes part of the host cell's genome for a period of time before a lytic cycle of reproduction ensues.