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Biology 189 Exam 1 Study Guide questions with correct answers., Exams of Biomedicine

Lakeview College of Nursing (LCN)Biomedicine

Biology 189 Exam 1 Study Guide questions with correct answers.

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2024/2025

Available from 10/22/2024

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Biology 189 Exam 1 Study Guide
questions with correct answers
What is the definition of biology? - correct answer -Biology is the scientific study of life that covers a
wide scale of size and variety of life both in the past and present
What are the properties of life? - correct answer -Order
Regulation
Growth and Development
Energy Processing
Response to the Environment
What is the smallest unit of life? - correct answer -A cell
What are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? - correct answer -Prokaryotic cells are
more simple, usually smaller, and a characteristic of bacteria
Eukaryotes are subdivided by internal membranes into functional compartments called organelles.
These type of cells are found in plants,animals,fungi,protists.
What is the difference between a prokaryote and a protist? - correct answer -Prokaryotes (bacteria)
have a simpler structure, usually smaller, and lacks most organelles.
Protists are eukaryotes that do not fit in any of the three kingdoms.
What are the differences between an atom and a compound? - correct answer -Atoms are the most
fundamental unit of an element that still displays characteristic chemical properties.
Compounds are two or more atoms of different elements.
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Biology 189 Exam 1 Study Guide

questions with correct answers

What is the definition of biology? - correct answer -Biology is the scientific study of life that covers a wide scale of size and variety of life both in the past and present What are the properties of life? - correct answer -Order Regulation Growth and Development Energy Processing Response to the Environment What is the smallest unit of life? - correct answer -A cell What are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? - correct answer -Prokaryotic cells are more simple, usually smaller, and a characteristic of bacteria Eukaryotes are subdivided by internal membranes into functional compartments called organelles. These type of cells are found in plants,animals,fungi,protists. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a protist? - correct answer -Prokaryotes (bacteria) have a simpler structure, usually smaller, and lacks most organelles. Protists are eukaryotes that do not fit in any of the three kingdoms. What are the differences between an atom and a compound? - correct answer -Atoms are the most fundamental unit of an element that still displays characteristic chemical properties. Compounds are two or more atoms of different elements.

What makes an element an element? - correct answer -An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by a chemical reaction. Example: When you burn ash you still get ash (Pure element) Understand the importance of carbon as the element of life. How many bods does carbon make? - correct answer -Carbon produces 4 bonds. Carbon uses its bonds to attach to other carbons and form many carbon skeletons that vary in size and branching pattern. Why is water (H2O) important in biological systems? - correct answer -Water facilitates chemical reactions. Water molecules stick together through cohesion and also able to stick due to adhesion (Ex. watering trees). Water moderates temperature (Ex. global warming) What is the difference between hydrolysis (water as a reactant) and dehydration (water as a product) reactions? - correct answer -Hydrolysis breaks bonds between monomers, adds a molecule of water, and reverses the dehydration reaction. Dehydration reactions links 2 monomers together and removes a molecule of water. What are the differences between the macromolecules of life(carbs, proteins,fats) - correct answer - Carbs include sugars and polymers of sugar (ex. small sugar molecules in your energy drink and long starch molecules in your spaghetti/french fries) Proteins are polymers constructed from amino acid monomers. Proteins account for more then 50% of the dry weight in most cells. Proteins perform most of the tasks required for life. They form enzymes (chemicals that change the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed in the process). Fats perform essential functions on the human body. They serve as energy storage, cushioning, and insulation. How does the macromolecule carbohydrates differ from animals to plants? - correct answer -In animals, carbs serve as a primary source of dietary energy. It is a raw material for manufacturing other kinds of organic compounds. In plants, carbs are a building material for much of the plant body. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat? - correct answer -If the carbon skeleton of a fatty acid has FEWER than the maximum number of hydrogens it is UNSATURATED.

Why is ATP so important and what does it do? - correct answer -Chemical energy is used to generate molecules of ATP. ATP acts as a energy shuttle. It stores energy obtained from food and releases it later as needed. What are enzymes composed of? Why are they so important? - correct answer -Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes are important because they assist with metabolic reactions. All living cells contain thousands of different enzymes each promoting a different chemical reaction. Why are enzymes so specific? How do they function? - correct answer -An enzyme is very selective with the reaction that is chooses. Each enzyme recognizes a substrate (specific reactant molecule), the active site fits to the substrate, and the enzyme changes its shape slightly (induced fit) What are the reactants and products involved in cellular respiration? - correct answer -The waste products of cellular respiration are CO2 (carbon) and H2O (water) Both plants and animals perform cellular respiration. It is a chemical that generates ATP. Where does the energy come from that fuels our lives? - correct answer -The sun What are redox reactions? Discuss electrons in redox reactions. - correct answer -Redox reactions are chemical reactions that transfer electrons from one substance to another. Oxidation- Loss of electrons during redox reactions. Reduction- Acceptance of electrons during redox reactions. What energy is associated with redox reactions during cellular respiration? - correct answer -GLUCOSE is oxidized and Oxygen is reduced. What are the three steps of respiration? What is the order and where does it occur? - correct answer - Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol Citric Acid Cycle occurs in the mitochondrion Electron Transport occurs in the mitochondrion

How much ATP can be produced by a molecule of glucose? - correct answer - What is photosynthesis? - correct answer -Using light to make food What is the process of photosynthesis? - correct answer -Transforms light energy to chemical energy and uses carbon dioxide and water as starting materials. What is the equation for photosynthesis? - correct answer -Carbon dioxide + Water --------> Glucose + Oxygen What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? - correct answer -Mitosis is a type of cell division that is responsible for asexual reproduction and growth/maintenence of multicellular organisms. Meiosis is a special type of cell division responsible for sexual reproduction (requires fertilization of an egg by sperm) What are the consequences of mitosis and meiosis? - correct answer -Genetic abnormalities that can range from mild to fatal. What are the steps involved in cell division (PMAT)? - correct answer -P- Prophase (Chromosomes condense) M - Metaphase (Chromosomes align) A - Anaphase (Chromosomes separate) T- Telophase (Chromosomes disperse two daughter cells) What is nondisjunction? - correct answer -When members of a chromosome pair fail to separate which produce gametes with an incorrect number of chromosomes. What are proteins? - correct answer -proteins are polymers constructed from amino acid monomers. Are carbs polymers or monomers? - correct answer -polymers