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Biology Chapter 1-4 Test Questions and Answers 2024, Exams of Biology

A comprehensive overview of the key concepts and topics covered in biology chapters 1-4. It includes detailed answers to a variety of test questions, covering topics such as the structure and function of biological molecules, the characteristics of different domains of life, the scientific method, the levels of biological organization, the properties of water, the nature of acids and bases, the structure and function of organic molecules, the components of cells, and the organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Likely to be useful for students preparing for exams or seeking to deepen their understanding of these fundamental biological principles.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 10/17/2024

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Biology Chapter 1-4 Test Questions And Answers 2024 A+
Steroids - ANS-✔✔1. Contain no fatty acids
2. Composed of a carbon skeleton of four-fused rings
3. Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen are examples
Phospholipids - ANS-✔✔1. Comprised of two fatty acid tails and a glycerol phosphate head
2. Have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail and make up the plasma membrane
Fats + Oils - ANS-✔✔1. Function as long-term energy storage
2. Comprised of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Elements that comprise majority of living organisms - ANS-✔✔CHNOPS
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Chemical bond in which atoms share one or more pairs of electrons: - ANS-✔✔Covalent bond
Chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges: - ANS-✔✔Ionic bond,
water weakens ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds: - ANS-✔✔Occur when positive hydrogen atoms attract partially negative atoms
nearby, examples include the attraction between 2 molecules of water
Electrons description: - ANS-✔✔-1, Found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus
Neutrons description: - ANS-✔✔electrically neutral, Found in nucleus
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Biology Chapter 1-4 Test Questions And Answers 2024 A+

Steroids - ANS-✔✔1. Contain no fatty acids

  1. Composed of a carbon skeleton of four-fused rings
  2. Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen are examples

Phospholipids - ANS-✔✔1. Comprised of two fatty acid tails and a glycerol phosphate head

  1. Have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail and make up the plasma membrane

Fats + Oils - ANS-✔✔1. Function as long-term energy storage

  1. Comprised of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Elements that comprise majority of living organisms - ANS-✔✔CHNOPS

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Chemical bond in which atoms share one or more pairs of electrons: - ANS-✔✔Covalent bond

Chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges: - ANS-✔✔Ionic bond, water weakens ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds: - ANS-✔✔Occur when positive hydrogen atoms attract partially negative atoms nearby, examples include the attraction between 2 molecules of water

Electrons description: - ANS-✔✔-1, Found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus

Neutrons description: - ANS-✔✔electrically neutral, Found in nucleus

Protons description: - ANS-✔✔+1, Found in the nucleus

Steps of the Scientific Method - ANS-✔✔observation, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, conclusion

Eukarya characteristics - ANS-✔✔1. Unicellular or multi-cellular organisms that contain a membrane- bound nucleus

  1. Include examples such as paramecium, mushrooms, orchids, and humans

Bacteria characteristics - ANS-✔✔1. Unicellular prokaryotes that can be found almost anywhere, including soils, water, air, and our bodies

  1. Include examples such as E. Coli
  2. Unicellular prokaryote that absorbs, photosynthesizes, or chemosynthesizes food

Archaea characteristics - ANS-✔✔1. Thrive in extreme environments such as thermal vents, sulfur springs, or acid mines.

  1. Absorb or chemosynthesize food
  2. Unicellular prokaryote thought to be most closely related to domain Eukarya

Levels of classifications, Most inclusive to least inclusive: - ANS-✔✔Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

"Dear King Philip cried out for good soup"

State of Biological balance: - ANS-✔✔homeostasis

General characteristics of life (8): - ANS-✔✔Homeostasis, Reproduction, development, movement, organization, adaptations, response to stimuli, use of materials and energy

Polar - ANS-✔✔electrons are shared unequally

Likes water(hydrophilic)

Acids - ANS-✔✔substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

HCl: Hydrochloric acid

HCl: H+ + OH-

Bases - ANS-✔✔Substances that take in hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions

NaOH: Na+ + OH-

Octet Rule - ANS-✔✔1. Two electrons in the first shell

  1. No more than 8 electrons in second shell + third shell + so on
  2. Outermost shell is the valence shell

Electronegativity - ANS-✔✔attractiveness of atoms to electrons

Boiling and freezing points of water - ANS-✔✔Freezing: 0 celcius, 32 Farenheight

Boiling: 100 celcius, 212 Farenheight

Organic Molecules - ANS-✔✔have at least carbon and hydrogen

Polymers - ANS-✔✔Formed by carbohydrates and nucleic acids, monomers form together to form polymers

Monomers - ANS-✔✔small molecule that is a subunit of polymers, ex. glucose is a monomer of starch

Monosaccharides - ANS-✔✔Single sugar, simple sugars

pentose, hexose, glucose, ribose, deoxyribose

Hydrolysis - ANS-✔✔Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

For every bond broken, one water molecule needs to be added

Disaccharide - ANS-✔✔2 sugars

Polysaccharide - ANS-✔✔complex carbohydrates; structural components, short term energy storage

Four levels of protein structure: - ANS-✔✔1. Primary- linear sequence of amino acids

  1. Secondary - coils or folds in a particular way
  2. Tertiary - folding, 3d shape of a polypeptide; globular proteins
  3. Quaternary - multiple folded polypeptides forming more than one polypeptide

Prions - ANS-✔✔misfolded proteins

can cause mad cow disease

Nucleotide - ANS-✔✔at least one phosphate group, a pentose(5-carbon sugar), nitrogen containing base

Cell wall - ANS-✔✔maintains the shape of the cell

Glycocalyx - ANS-✔✔sugar coat, polysaccharides found outside cell wall, help cells stick to surfaces, capsule layer(hard to wash off), slimy layer(easy to wash off)

Cytoplasm - ANS-✔✔A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Nucleoid - ANS-✔✔A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.

Plasmid - ANS-✔✔extra-chromosomal DNA in a prokaryote.

Ribosomes - ANS-✔✔site of protein synthesis

cyanobacteria - ANS-✔✔bacteria that can carry out photosynthesis; blue-green algae

Thylakoid - ANS-✔✔where chlorophyll and other pigments absorb solar energy for production of carbohydrates

Flagellum - ANS-✔✔A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move.

Fimbria - ANS-✔✔A short, hairlike appendage of a prokaryotic cell that helps it adhere to the substrate or to other cells.

Conjugation Pili - ANS-✔✔involved in DNA transfer from one cell to another

Organelle - ANS-✔✔A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Endosymbiotic theory - ANS-✔✔theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms

Cytoskeleton - ANS-✔✔A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Nuclear pore - ANS-✔✔a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Nucleoplasm - ANS-✔✔Fluid inside the nucleus

Chromatin - ANS-✔✔DNA and associated proteins

Chromosomes - ANS-✔✔Carriers of genetic information

Nucleolus - ANS-✔✔Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

mRNA - ANS-✔✔messenger RNA

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANS-✔✔An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.

Rough ER - ANS-✔✔Ribosomes are attached, synthesizes protein, continuous w/ the nuclear envelope

  1. Microtubules: Tubulin, move substances across cells, "railroad" for vesicles, help separate chromosomes

Centrosome - ANS-✔✔the main microtubule-organizing center of the cell

Centriole - ANS-✔✔9 triplets of mictotubules