Download Biology EOC Review and Biological Principles: 132 Questions and Answers and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
Biology EOC Review and Biological
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
List and describe the steps of the SCIENTIFIC METHOD - ANSWER ā¢Observation- thoughtful and careful recognition of an event or a fact
- Hypothesis- propose possible solutions to question based on what is already understood, must be testable
- Experimentation- test if the hypothesis can be supported or rejected
ā¢Repeat experiments
Why do many experiments make use of a control group? - ANSWER Something to compare to
What are the characteristics of a good experiment? - ANSWER Many tests, all parts of an experiment present
What is the difference between an inference and a prediction? - ANSWER Inference = based on observation
Prediction= is a hypothesis
What are the differences between hypothesis, theory and law? - ANSWER Hypothesis= educated guess
Theory= based on experiments
Law= proven the same over and over
What is the differences between an independent and dependent variable? - ANSWER Independent Variable= things you test or change
Dependent Variable= things you measure
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
Interpret graphs. Which axis has the independent variable? Which axis has the dependent variable? - ANSWER Independent Variable= x axis
Dependent Variable= y axis
How do you determine the magnification of the field of view for a microscope? - ANSWER Power of lens
Power of objective= magnification
What happens to the diameter of the field of view when you change from low to high power? - ANSWER Less to high magnification
How do you estimate the size of a cell or a cell structure when using a microscope? - ANSWER Consider magnification and original size
What do you adjust first on a microscope? What do you then adjust when on the highest power? - ANSWER 1. Course adjustment
- Fine adjustment
You have measured the rate at which a fish breaths at various temperatures by counting the rate at which its gills open, the data is below graph data. - ANSWER Breathing rate temperatures:
19/ min 5Ā°C
25/ min 10Ā°C
30/ min 20Ā°C
34/ min 30Ā°C
37/ min 35Ā°C
What is the independent variable? The dependent variable? - ANSWER Independent = Temp.
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
What should you always wear when around chemicals in the lab? "Think eyeballs" - ANSWER Goggles
How should broken glass be disposed of?
"a.k.a what type of trash can" - ANSWER Glass disposable box
First thing if an accident happens in the lab, what should you do first? - ANSWER Tell the teacher
The experiment above was done on rats, is there any reason to think that it might apply to humans? - ANSWER Rats are similar to humans both in DNA and metabolism
What else would you like to know about this topic before you start eating spinach everyday? - ANSWER
- Are there negative effects of eating spinach daily?
- Has this been tested on humans?
There is conflicting data from the 1970's how do you decide what is most scientifically accurate? - ANSWER The most current would be most accurate due to improvement in technology
Gregor Mendel - ANSWER I found that by combing amino acids and electrical current, I could create protocell
Robert Hooke - ANSWER I coined the term "cells" by look at a cork in the microscope
James Watson & Francis Crick - ANSWER Together we determined the double helix shape of DNA
Theodore Schwaan - ANSWER I was first to look at animal cells underneath the microscope
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
Matthias Schleiden - ANSWER I was first to look at plant cells underneath the microscope
Charles Darwin - ANSWER I developed the theory of natural selection and I am known as the father of evolution
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER I invented the first simple light microscopes in the 1700
Francesco Redi - ANSWER I disapprove the idea is spontaneous generation by using covered and uncovered jars of rotting meat
Louis Pasteur - ANSWER I supported the idea of biogenesis by my curved flask experiment. My name is process to keep milk fresh
Alexander Oparin - ANSWER I hypothesized that life originated in the early oceans
Stanley Miller & Harold Urey - ANSWER We found that methane, ammonia, hydrogen gases from early earth changed with electricity can form amino acids
Carolus Linnaeus - ANSWER I created the system of binomial nomenclature using Latin
Jean Baptiste Lamarck - ANSWER I am the scientists who erroneously came up with the idea that traits are acquired from animals from their use or disuse
Rudolf Virchow - ANSWER I am one of the first to see the cell structure for cell division
What are the differences between living and non-living things? List 8 characteristics - ANSWER ā¢Made of cells
ā¢Reproduce
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
Subunits: Amino acids
Lipids - ANSWER Function: Long Term Energy storage, Protection, Insulation
Subunits: Glycerol, 3 fatty acid chains
Nucleic Acids - ANSWER Function: Store Genetic Information
Subunits: 5-Carbon sugar, Nitrogen base, phosphate group
Starch - ANSWER Function: A macromolecule of sugar used for short term or quick energy
Cellulose - ANSWER Function; A macromolecule of sugar used to make cell walls in plants
Insulin - ANSWER Function: A protein used in the breakdown of sugar made by the pancreas. Without it, causes Diabetes
Glycogen - ANSWER Function: Storage of excess sugar in the liver and used when glucose levels in the blood is low
Glucose - ANSWER Function: A molecule used to create Glycogen, sugars needed by the brain for life functions
Enzymes - ANSWER Function: Proteins used to lower activation energy to cause chemical reactions to occur
Hemoglobin - ANSWER Function: The protein used to bind to oxygen to carry it in the red blood cells
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
Fats - ANSWER Long term energy storage, protection and insulation
DNA - ANSWER Genetic code of life used in replication & transcription
RNA - ANSWER Genetic code of life used in transcription & translation
Starch - ANSWER It is used to test for iodine when it is present it goes from brown to red an example of this is Pasta
Lipids - ANSWER It is used to test for paper bag test, when it is present it causes a greasy stain an example of this is chips, and butter
Monosaccharides - ANSWER It is used to test Benedicts, when it's positive heat turns from blue to orange, an example of this is milk and fruit
Protein - ANSWER It is used to test for biurets, when present turns from blue to purple, an example of this is meats, and some legumes
A. What does the term "membrane bound organelles mean?"
B. What cell type are they found in? - ANSWER A. "Tiny organs" with unique functions covered in a membrane.
B. They are found in Eukaryotes cells only
What are the three parts of cell theory? - ANSWER 1. All living things are composed of cells
- Cells are the basic units of all living things
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
How do hormones travel throughout a body? - ANSWER Since many hormones are lipids, they pass through cell membranes
How do hormones travel throughout a body? - ANSWER Since many hormones are lipids, they pass through cell membranes
Nucleus - ANSWER Structure: Located near the center of the cell, it is large and surrounded by the ER
Function: Contains DNA or the molecule of heredity in the cell
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER Structure: Surrounds the cell in animal cells, inner membrane of a plant cell
Function: Allows only certain molecules to pass through, the bouncer
Cell wall - ANSWER Structure: Not found in animal cells, it
surrounds the outside of plant
cells
Function: Acts as a barrier to keep
water in plant cells
Mitochondria - ANSWER Structure: Looks like a pea with wavy lines
inside of it.
Function: Acts as the energy production
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
area of the cell.
"Powerhouse."
Vacuoles - ANSWER Structure: A very large and empty area in a
plant cell, are smaller in animal
cells.
Function: Used as storage for the cell
for food, water, etc.
Chloroplasts - ANSWER Structure: Not found in Animal cells, they
are circles with small stacks
within them
Function: Used in the process of making
energy (photosynthesis) for
plants.
Ribosomes - ANSWER Structure: Found as small dots located on
the ER or in the cytoplasm.
Function:Sites of proteins synthesis,
they read RNA to assemble
proteins
2.02 in Biology Packet
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
Why did the large dark molecules NOT move to the left? - ANSWER They are too large to pass through the semi-permeable
membrane.
How is the semi-permeable membrane like a cell
membrane? - ANSWER Allows some substances through while keeps others out.
If the dark molecule is starch, where is the starch
concentration greatest (left or right)? - ANSWER Neither, Equal
If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first? - ANSWER It is highest on the left
In osmosis, water moves from an area of __________ concentration of substrate to an area of
concentration of substrate. (higher/lower) - ANSWER lower/higher
If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? Why? - ANSWER To the left, it is lower there.
In diffusion, molecules move from an area of ________ to an area of ________ concentration. (higher/lower) - ANSWER higher/lower
Which way water will move in each of the following situations:
a. Salt inside the cell 65% and outside the cell 40%.
b. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%. - ANSWER a.Water will move inside the cell
b.Water will move outside the cell
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER Maintaining a balance of chemicals, fluid, etc inside of a living organism.
How do cells maintain homeostasis? Consider pH, temperature, blood glucose, water balance - ANSWER They use the cell membrane (cell wall in plants) as well as stimulus/response, buffers, hormones, cell
organelles, and internal feedback loops.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT:
- Requires energy?
- Low to high concentration or
high to low concentration?
- Example - ANSWER 1. NO
- High to Low
- Osmosis
ACTIVE TRANSPORT:
- Requires energy?
- Low to high concentration or
high to low concentration?
- Example - ANSWER 1. YES
- LOW to HIGH
- Muscle pumps
What cellular process produces ATP? - ANSWER ATP synthesis in mitochondria
What is ATP energy used for? Give examples. - ANSWER Making proteins replicating DNA, cell responses, pumps working, muscle contraction
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
- Tired Muscles, yeast
Which reaction makes the most ATP? - ANSWER Aerobic Respiration
What gas is the final electron acceptor? - ANSWER Oxygen
How do factors such as pH, temp., light and food availability affect these reactions? - ANSWER Extremes may decrease the effectiveness of this reaction
2.05 Biology packet
Label the following molecules in these equations (water, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol)
- ANSWER (water (H2O), glucose (C6H12O6) oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH)
What are the reactions in photosynthesis? - ANSWER A. 6H2O+6CO2-----> C6H12O6+6O
What are the reactions for fermentation (anaerobic cellular respiration)? - ANSWER C. C6H12O6-----> 2C2H5OH + 2CO
What are the reactions is cellular respiration (aerobic)? - ANSWER B. C6H12O6 + 6O2 -----> 6CO2+ 6H2O
Which reaction(s) requires or stores energy? - ANSWER All require some form of energy, A stores it
Which reaction(s) release energy (ATP)? - ANSWER All release some form of energy, mostly B and C
Which reaction releases the most energy? - ANSWER B because it uses oxygen
Which reaction requires chlorophyll? - ANSWER A, chlorophyll traps light energy for photosynthesis
Principles 132 questions and actual
answers.
Which reaction requires light? - ANSWER A, light is required for light dependent reaction for photosynthesis
Which organisms carry out process A? - ANSWER Plants, Autotrophs, and other producers (algae)
Which organisms carry out process B? - ANSWER Most animals, heterotrophs, and consumers
Which organisms carry out process C? - ANSWER Yeast and other anaerobic organisms
Which process uses chloroplasts in eukaryotes? - ANSWER Process A only (Plant Cells)
Which process uses mitochondria in eukaryotes? - ANSWER Processes A and B (Plant and Animal Cells)
Compare and contrast: Alcoholic Fermentation and Lactic Acid Fermentation. (# ATP, where it occurs) - ANSWER Alcoholic Fermentation occurs in yeast and releases alcohol as a byproduct whereas lactic acid
fermentation occurs in tired muscle cells deprived of oxygen resources. Both produce only 2 ATP.
What is the function of enzymes in cells? (Or, what is a catalyst?) - ANSWER Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in cells
Explain the importance of shape to enzyme function. - ANSWER "Work like locks and keys."
