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Biology GCSE Edexcel: The Nervous System - Exam Certification, Exams of Biology

Cambridge CollegeBiology

A comprehensive overview of the nervous system, covering key concepts such as the structure and function of neurons, neurotransmission, and reflex actions. It includes a series of questions and answers designed to help students prepare for their gcse biology exams. Particularly useful for students studying the edexcel syllabus.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/27/2025

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1 | P a g e
Biology GCSE Edexcel The Nervous
System Exam Certification with Best
Rating.
1. What is the myelin sheath? - Answer: ✅ A fatty tissue layer
that surrounds the dendrone and the axon.
2. What is the function of a dendrite? - Answer: ✅ It receives
impulses from receptor cells and conducts nerve impulses
towards the cell body.
3. What is a synapse? - Answer: ✅ A gap where two neurones
meet.
4. What's the difference between a reflex action and a normal
action? - Answer: ✅ Normal actions: the messages pass to
the brain for processing.
A reflex action: an automatic response is required so the
message is not sent to the brain - it goes via the spine.
5. What is a reflex action? - Answer: ✅ When the neuronal
pathways skip the brain and just go straight to the spine. This
allows for very fast responses to danger that would damage
the body if the action were delayed. E.g. pulling your hand
away from a hot object, blinking when an object gets too
close to your eyes.
6. What are the different steps to get from a stimulus to a
response for a reflex action? - Answer: ✅ Stimulus --->
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Download Biology GCSE Edexcel: The Nervous System - Exam Certification and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Biology GCSE Edexcel The Nervous

System Exam Certification with Best

Rating.

  1. What is the myelin sheath? - Answer: ✅ A fatty tissue layer that surrounds the dendrone and the axon.
  2. What is the function of a dendrite? - Answer: ✅ It receives impulses from receptor cells and conducts nerve impulses towards the cell body.
  3. What is a synapse? - Answer: ✅ A gap where two neurones meet.
  4. What's the difference between a reflex action and a normal action? - Answer: ✅ Normal actions: the messages pass to the brain for processing. A reflex action: an automatic response is required so the message is not sent to the brain - it goes via the spine.
  5. What is a reflex action? - Answer: ✅ When the neuronal pathways skip the brain and just go straight to the spine. This allows for very fast responses to danger that would damage the body if the action were delayed. E.g. pulling your hand away from a hot object, blinking when an object gets too close to your eyes.
  6. What are the different steps to get from a stimulus to a response for a reflex action? - Answer: ✅ Stimulus --->

Sensory receptor ---> Sensory neurone ---> Relay neurone - --> Motor neurone----Effector ---> Response

  1. What happens when a brain coordinates a response to a stimulus? - Answer: ✅ It sends impulses to the effectors that carry out these actions. Effectors can be glands or muscles (e.g. sweat glands)
  2. What are relay neurones? - Answer: ✅ Short neurones found in the spinal cord that link sensory neurones to motor neurones. They also make up a lot of nerve tissue in the brain.
  3. What is a similarity between a motor neurone and a relay neurone? - Answer: ✅ They both don't have a dendron and the dendrites are on the cell body.
  4. What happens when an impulse reaches an axon terminal?
    • Answer: ✅ A neurotransmitter substance is released into the gap (or the synapse). This is detected by the next neurone, which creates a new impulse.
  5. Which neuronal pathways do reflexes use? - Answer: ✅ Reflex arcs, which bypass the parts of the brain involved in processing information and so are quicker than responses that require processing.
  6. What do axon terminals do? - Answer: ✅ Pass impulses to other neurones.

Sensory receptor ---> Sensory neurone ---> Relay neurone - --> Motor neurone ---> Effector ---> Response

  1. What is neurotransmission? - Answer: ✅ The process by which nerves communicate with each other using impulses and it happens in the neurones.
  2. How have neurones adapted to carry impulses? - Answer: ✅ They have long extensions called axons and an insulating covering called a myelin sheath.
  3. What are the different types of neurones? - Answer: ✅ Sensory neurones, relay neurones and motor neurones.
  4. What is the function of a sensory neurone? - Answer: ✅ To carry messages from the receptor cells to the CNS.
  5. What is the function of a relay neurone? - Answer: ✅ To pass an impulse from one neurone to another.
  6. What is the function of a motor neurone? - Answer: ✅ To carry messages from the CNS to a muscle or a gland (effector)
  7. What is a neurotransmitter? - Answer: ✅ Chemicals that allow a message to be passed from one neurone across the synapse, to the next neurone.
  1. What is the path of an impulse along the sensory neurone? - Answer: ✅ receptor cell - dendrite- dendron-cell body- axon- axon terminal.
  2. How have the dendrons and axons adapted to their function? - Answer: ✅
    1. long: fast neurotransmission over long distances
    2. surrounded by myelin sheath: insulates the neurone from neighbouring neurones, stopping the signal from losing energy. It also makes an impulse 'jump' along the cell between the gaps in the myelin and so speeds up neurotransmission.