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cells, mitosis, meiosis, cell division, etc
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BIOL 121 Unit II Study Guide
chromosomes and divide by mitosis or meiosis.
histone proteins) and two rounds of DNA double helix wrapping around those eight histone core
proteins. Nucleosome is a feature of the chromosomes of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic
species.
S phase of interphase. Interphase (G1, S, and G2 phases) takes much longer than mitotic phase
(prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis) for cells to complete. Centrosome
duplication starts at the end of G1 and the beginning of S. The duplication is complete at G2.
Nuclear membrane fragments at the end of prophase but reappears at telophase.
Centrosome duplication (https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(01)00366-X)
Centromere on the other hand is a waist structure of duplicated chromosome where
kinetochore is formed.
and β-tubulin proteins through a process called polymerization. Microtubules grow out from
centrosome and connect to kinetochore of duplicated chromosomes. The separation of sister
chromatids is achieved by depolymerization of microtubules from the kinetochore side and
degradation of cohesin proteins.
chromosomes is inherited from the mother, the other of the pair must be from the father. The
genes on homologous chromosomes are in general in the same sequential order but can be in
different forms called alleles. Duplicated homologous chromosomes form tetrads during
prophase I of meiosis.
reproductive cells that will form gametes.
form a multi-cell embryo.
in a human egg or sperm?
daughter cell have?
meiosis through meiosis I and II produces four genetically different daughter cells.
what is the chance of producing an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype?
What fraction of the progeny of the cross BbTt × BBtt will have black fur and long tails?
flowered plant yields all-purple offspring. The part of the radish we eat may be oval or long, with
long being the dominant characteristic. If true-breeding red long radishes are crossed with true
breeding white oval radishes, what will be the phenotype of F1 generation?
have red or white flowers. When plants with red flowers are crossed with plants with white
flowers, what proportion of the offspring will have pink flowers?
red ( RR ) and white ( rr ) homozygotes. What crosses would produce offspring in the ratio of 1
red : 2 roan : 1 white?
onset in humans. If one parent has the disease, what is the probability that his or her child will
have the disease?