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Biomolecules and cell for BDS 1st Year, Summaries of Biochemistry

Summary: Biomolecules : organic molecules cell components or organelles

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

Available from 06/16/2022

kanika-grover
kanika-grover 🇮🇳

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BIOMOLECULES AND CELL
Amino acid. —> proteins
Nucleotides —> DNA
Monosaccharides —> Polysaccharides
Nucleosome —> chromatin —> DNA
Schleiden and
Schwann
gave the idea of
cell.
Accumulation of
LIPOFUSCIN, a
pigment rich in lipid,
and protein has been
implicated in ageing
process.
Zellweger: rare
disease, absence of
functional
peroxisomes.
Nucleolus is rich in r-RNA which enter cytosol
through nuclear pore.
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS)
rare condition of aging beginning at birth due to
distortion of nuclear envelope due to
accumulation of abnormal protein namely
lamin-A.
Mitochondria
The components of electron transport chain
and oxidative phosphorylation are present in
inner mitochondrial membrane.
Mitochondrial matrix enzyme also participate
in synthesis of heme and urea
It is hypothesised that mitochondria have evolved from aerobic
bacteria and it is believed that during evolution the aerobic
bacteria developed a symbiotic relationship with a primordial
anaerobic eukaryotic cells that ultimately led to arrival of aerobic
eukaryotes.
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BIOMOLECULES AND CELL

Amino acid. —> proteins Nucleotides —> DNA Monosaccharides —> Polysaccharides Nucleosome —> chromatin —> DNA Schleiden and Schwann gave the idea of cell. Accumulation of LIPOFUSCIN, a pigment rich in lipid, and protein has been implicated in ageing process. Zellweger: rare disease, absence of functional peroxisomes. Nucleolus is rich in r-RNA which enter cytosol through nuclear pore. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) rare condition of aging beginning at birth due to distortion of nuclear envelope due to accumulation of abnormal protein namely lamin-A. Mitochondria The components of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation are present in inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial matrix enzyme also participate in synthesis of heme and urea It is hypothesised that mitochondria have evolved from aerobic bacteria and it is believed that during evolution the aerobic bacteria developed a symbiotic relationship with a primordial anaerobic eukaryotic cells that ultimately led to arrival of aerobic eukaryotes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Network of membrane enclosed spaces that extends throughout the cytoplasmic constitutes endoplasmic reticulum. During fractionation, rough ER is disrupted to form small vesicles known as MICROSOMES. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum contains ribozyme and is involved in synthesis of lipids ,metabolism of drugs besides supplying calcium 2+ for the cellular function. Golgi Apparatus Cluster of membrane vesicles known as dictyosomes constitute Golgi apparatus. The newly synthesised protein are handed over to Golgi apparatus which catalyse addition of lipids, carbohydrates or sulfate moieties to proteins. It is also involved in membrane synthesis (particularly for formation of intracellular organelles eg. peroxisome, lysozyme)

Cytosol and cytoskeleton Cellular matrix is collectively referred as Cytosol. Cytoplasmic filaments are of three types: MICROTUBULES ACTIN FILAMENTS INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS. polymer of proteins Integration of cellular functions Apoptosis: programmed cell death ot cell suicide. This occurs when cell has fulfilled its biological function. Its highly regulated process. Summary: Zellweger I cell disease Lipofuscin Peroxisome biogenesis disorder. Hutchinson gilford progeria syndrome. Microsomes= ER Dictyosomes= Golgi Microbodies= Peroxisome