Prepare for your exams
Get points
Guidelines and tips

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips

Sell on Docsity

Log in Sign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents

20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions

5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points

Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study

Go to the blog

Biomolecules and Cellular Structures, Exams of Biology

Central Michigan University (CMU)Biology

A comprehensive overview of the fundamental building blocks of life, including anabolic and catabolic processes, the scientific method, and the key macromolecules that make up living organisms. It covers topics such as the structure and function of cells, the properties of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as experimental techniques for identifying and quantifying these biomolecules. The document delves into the intricate details of cellular components, metabolic pathways, and the scientific principles underlying biological phenomena. It serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in understanding the molecular basis of life and the experimental approaches used to study these complex systems.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 10/19/2024

BetaTutors 🇺🇸

4.5

(4)

1.5K documents

1 / 11

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

BIO 101 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS

WITH COMPLETE AND

ACCURATE SOLUTIONS.

What is Biology? -- Answer ✔✔ Study of life; encompasses everything

-biomolecular biology and technology have brought around a new era

for biology

What are the major characteristics of Life? -- Answer ✔✔ 1)

reproduction (DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid); double helix shape;

stores genetic info)

2) cellular respiration (used to create energy) (metabolism; need it to

perform basic functions of life; food (carbs, proteins, lipids/fats,

vitamins/minerals)

3) adaptation/evolve (over large periods of times traits of

organizations)

modified

4) growth and development (DNA lays out the "plan")

5) organization (very specific; organization of organs/structure)

6) cells (basic building blocks of life; need only one to be considered

living)

7) respond (response to stimuli (light, touch, heat, etc.); need in order

to survive)

What is a cell? -- Answer ✔✔ - basic building blocks of life

- not always apparent; first seen with a microscope

- cells were discovered by Hook in 1655

- first cells discovered were from cork

- theory wasn't generally accepted due to the challenge of trying to

convince people of this drastic change

Partial preview of the text

Download Biomolecules and Cellular Structures and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIO 101 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS

WITH COMPLETE AND

ACCURATE SOLUTIONS.

What is Biology? -- Answer ✔✔ Study of life; encompasses everything -biomolecular biology and technology have brought around a new era for biology What are the major characteristics of Life? -- Answer ✔✔ 1) reproduction (DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid); double helix shape; stores genetic info)

cellular respiration (used to create energy) (metabolism; need it to perform basic functions of life; food (carbs, proteins, lipids/fats, vitamins/minerals)
adaptation/evolve (over large periods of times traits of organizations) modified
growth and development (DNA lays out the "plan")
organization (very specific; organization of organs/structure)
cells (basic building blocks of life; need only one to be considered living)
respond (response to stimuli (light, touch, heat, etc.); need in order to survive) What is a cell? -- Answer ✔✔ - basic building blocks of life

not always apparent; first seen with a microscope
cells were discovered by Hook in 1655
first cells discovered were from cork
theory wasn't generally accepted due to the challenge of trying to convince people of this drastic change

What is cell theory? -- Answer ✔✔ - proposed in 1800's

lowest level of structure performs all characteristics of life
arise from previously existing cells What is metabolism? -- Answer ✔✔ - energy breakdown; needed for food
glucose is the "best"
- C6H12O6 (formula for glucose)
breaks (catabolic reaction) down to carbon dioxide and water [ CO2 + H2O] Difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions? -- Answer ✔✔ - anabolic- building up of molecules, etc.
- i.e.: anabolic steroids (build up muscle)
catabolic- breaking down of molecules Bean Beetle Lab -- Answer ✔✔ - learn how to determine if alive or dead
if alive, beetles should be giving off carbon dioxide
if dead, bean beetles may be giving off CO2 but only because the decomposition process
CO2 measured in ppm
calculate amount per bean beetle x (ppm)/ number of bb = ppm/bb every 15 mins = [x / # of bb] / 15 every 1 hour = [x/ #of bb] x 4 every sec = [x / # of bb] / 60
used loggerpro prgm; used CO2 probe Are viruses alive? -- Answer ✔✔ - depends on what you argue
relies on a host cell to reproduce What is science? -- Answer ✔✔ - latin "to know"
asking questions about nature
believe questions can be answered Steps of the Scientific Method -- Answer ✔✔ 1) Make an Observation

Ask a question

parts of a microscope
1. eyepiece (what you look through)
2. ocular lens ( tube that adds 10 x the magnification)
3. objective lens ( revolving noise piece: 4x, 10x, 40x)
- magnification is actually: 40x, 100x, 400 x
1. stage (holds the specimen, moves up/down/left/right)
2. slide clip (holds the slide in place)
3. condenser (allows light to pass through; can adjust)
4. light source
5. fine knob adj. (small knob on side)
6. coarse know adj. (big knob on side)
wet mount slide: how to slide water onto a slide for a sample Magnification vs. Resolving Power -- Answer ✔✔ - magnification: ratio of object size to real size
resolving power: measure of image clarity
inverse relationship:
- mag. increases, resol. decreases
- resolve increases, mag. decreases SEM (scanning electron microscope) -- Answer ✔✔ - resolve smaller structure
focuses beam of electrons through specimen onto surface
can see large molecules TEM (transition electron microscope) -- Answer ✔✔ - study internal structure of cells
electron beams through thin section of specimen stained with atoms of a heavy metal Light Microscope -- Answer ✔✔ - uses mirrors and lights
most basic type of microscope
magnifies effectively 1,000x
can see organelle structures surrounded by a cell membrane Lab Time with Cells -- Answer ✔✔ - air bubbles: be sure to identify them

can identify onion cells: will be able to see nucleus, cell wall, and outer membrane
plant cells: (stain with iodine)
- can see cell wall, plasma (cell membrane), centeral valuole, nucleus, cytoplasm
animal cells: (stain with methylene blue)
- can see plasma (cell membrane), nucleus, cytoplasm Plant Cells -- Answer ✔✔ - cell wall (only in plants; nonliving layer; structure)
central vacuole (fills entire center of cell; fluid; stockpiles proteins and ions; stores wastes and defensive compounds)
nucleus ("brain"; directs production of compounds in cell)
cytoplasm ("liquid", holds all the organelles in place)
cell membrane (regulates what goes in and out; protection/barrier; structure- keeps everything in) Animal Cells -- Answer ✔✔ - plasma (cell membrane)
nucleus -cytoplasm Organism to Molecules -- Answer ✔✔ organisms- cells- molecules- atoms
molecules are atoms joined together by some chemical bond Atoms -- Answer ✔✔ - fundamental building blocks of life
made up of protons, electrons, neutrons
carbon is most important
- building block of life
- 4 elements make up almost everything (carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen)
- covalent bond (single); four make up most common form with carbon and hydrogen
macromolecule: biological molecules that are large
- made up of C, O, H, N strung together

includes simple sugars (monosaccrides)
most contain 5 to 6 C (1:2:1 ration)
- C5H10O
- C6H12O
metabolism sugars (-ose)
- glucose (C6H12O6)
- fructose (C6H12O6)
the individual comp. are the same just structure is different -important carbs:
1. starch (stored by plant for later use)
2. cellulose (makes up cell walls; most abundant organic compound on Earth)
3. glycogen (stores glucose for energy; in animal cells; muscles and liver)
4. chitin (important to insects; exoskeleton) Disaccharides -- Answer ✔✔ - 2 monomers
2 sugar monomers
uses dehydration process
maltose, sucrose, lactose (examples) Maltose -- Answer ✔✔ - formed by joining glucose and glucose Sucrose -- Answer ✔✔ - formed by joining fructose and glucose
table sugar
tends to be sweetest Lactose -- Answer ✔✔ - formed by joining glucose and galactose
one reason for being lactose intolerant Lab Time with Sugar -- Answer ✔✔ - determined which sugar dissolved in water was sweetest -water was the control Polysaccharide -- Answer ✔✔ - big string of sugar monomers
functions as energy storage (hydrolyzed as needed)
building material for cells "kick start"

Starch -- Answer ✔✔ -what plant stores in cell walls and other organelles

when we eat plants we are breaking down the starch to make energy
to test for starch use Iodine Lab time with Starch -- Answer ✔✔ - indicator solution: iodine
positive test: color change
negative test: no color change
tested filter paper, notebook paper, cracker
a good qualitative and quantitative test Lab time with Sugars -- Answer ✔✔ - indicator solution: benedicts solution (detects simple sugar only)
positive test: changes color from blue to orange
should test for glucose and fructose
not test for sucrose or water
good qualitative and quantitative test Lipids/ Fats -- Answer ✔✔ - insoluble in water
major types: (animal- solid at room temp.; plant- liquid at room temp.)
fats assembled from smaller molecules by dehydration
consists largely of molecular triglycerides
tri. (three)- glycerol (alcohol)
each fatty acid releases 3 waters
fat is good for insulation, protection, and energy storage Lab time with Lipids -- Answer ✔✔ - indicator solution: Sudan III dye
stains CH2 groups of lipids
positive test: stains red/dark red color
good qualitative test
not a very good quantitative test but still is Phospholipids -- Answer ✔✔ - major component to the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
helps keep cells together, regulates what goes in and out

Types of Proteins -- Answer ✔✔ - enzymes (catalytic proteins): regulates movement of molecules through metabolic pathways

not consumed by the reaction (as long as you have a substrate)
structural proteins (very complex structure)
1. hemoglobin: carries all the oxygen throughout the body; composed of 4 proteins; heme group -where oxygen combines; gives red blood cells color
2. collagen: makes up 1/3 of all body parts (humans) i.e.: skin, ligaments, tendons, etc.
3. keratin: forms protective covering of land vertebrates (i.e. hair, nails, claws, etc.); also in our dead skin cells (helps keep moisture in) Structure of Proteins -- Answer ✔✔ - very complex structure
different order of structure based on a hierarchy
1. primary structure: just amino acids connected in one strand (like a ribbon)

secondary structure: folding/ coiling; strengthens a whole lot (i.e. spider silk)
tertiary structure: taking secondary "coil" and folding all over the place
quaternary structure: only 1 protein with more than one chain of amino acids (i.e. hemoglobin) Lab Time with Proteins -- Answer ✔✔ - indicator solution: biuret reagent

stains peptide bond
positive test: blue to a darker purple
good qualitative test
protein: BSA Graphind Data and Standard Curves -- Answer ✔✔ - independent and dependent variables
standard curve
1. have to know concentration to plot against unknown substance

read absorbance (how much light a substance can absorb)

colorimeter: tool that shows absorbance of light (measures the transmittance of light)
pass light through substance

darker the solution; greater absorbance
lighter the solution; less absorbance
test amount of absorbance in the amount of protein of a substance (independent= protein; absorbance= dependent)

Biomolecules and Cellular Structures, Exams of Biology

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Biomolecules and Cellular Structures and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIO 101 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS

WITH COMPLETE AND

ACCURATE SOLUTIONS.