BIOS 255 / BIOS255 Comprehensive Exam (Latest 2024/2025):
Anatomy & Physiology III / A&P III - Chamberlain
3 protein fibers in connective tissues -
ANSWER: collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.
5 steps of endochondral ossification -
ANSWER: 1. Chondrocytes enlarge and matrix begins to calcify
2. Bone formation starts at the shaft surface
3. Blood vessels invade inner region of cartilage
4. Osteoclasts begin to break down spongy bone in center
5. Centers of the epiphyses begin to calcify
action potential triggering -
ANSWER: -occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body.
1. At rest, voltage-gated Na+ and K + gates are closed.
2. Chemical or mechanical stimulus causes a graded potential to reach at least (-55mV or threshold) This
is "depolarization"2. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes into cell
3. Only a total of 20,000 Na+ actually enter the cell, but they change the membrane potential considerably
(up to +30mV)
alveoli and capillaries -
ANSWER: site of gas exchange
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) -
ANSWER: A hormone produced by the pituitary gland when the body is dehydrated. It causes the
kidneys to reabsorb more water into the blood making the urine more concentrated.
Articular process of bone -
ANSWER: limits rotation
Artificially acquired passive immunity -
ANSWER: antibodies gathered from a human or other animal and are injected into an individual. Ex.)
antiserum for a snakebite, rabies
Backflow of heart from pulmonary valve -
ANSWER: Narrowing of the pulmonary valve reduces the blood flow from the heart to the pulmonary
artery and lungs. If the pulmonary valve don't close tightly, causing blood to leak backward into the right
ventricle.
Blood transfusion given to B- -
ANSWER: B neg blood types can only receive blood from B- or O-
Brain and forceful breathing -
ANSWER: controlled by medulla oblongata
