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Bipolar Junction Transistors: Types, Construction, Operation, and Applications - Prof. Bre, Study notes of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

An in-depth exploration of bipolar junction transistors (bjts), their types (npn and pnp), construction, operation as a switch or variable resistor, on/off switching, transistor applications in digital logic gates and analog amplifiers, and amplification concepts. The document also covers transistor biasing methods, such as base biasing and voltage divider biasing.

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/19/2009

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Online Resource for ETCH 213
Faculty: B. Allen
Bipolar Junction Transistors
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Online Resource for ETCH 213

Bipolar Junction Transistors

Online Resource for ETCH 213

Transistor types

NPN Transistor – A thin, highly dopedp-type region (base) is sandwiched betweentwo n-type regions (emitter and collector).PNP Transistor – A thin, highly dopedn-type region (base) is sandwiched betweentwo p-type regions (emitter and collector).

Online Resource for ETCH 213

Bipolar junction transistor (BJT)

types.

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Transistor construction and

packaging

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ON/OFF switching

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Transistor’s variable resistor

Transistance – The effect of transferring resistance

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Transistor as a digital logic gate

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Transistor as an analog

amplifier

Amplification – Boosting in strength, or increasingamplitude, of an electronic signal.

Online Resource for ETCH 213

Voltage Gain (A

V

) – The ratio of the output signal

voltage change to the input signal voltage change.Output Signal Voltage Change – Change in the outputsignal voltage in response to a change in the inputsignal voltage.Input Signal Voltage Change – The input voltagechange that causes a corresponding change in theoutput voltage.

Online Resource for ETCH 213

Correctly biased NPN transistor

circuit

For normal operation, the NPN transistor’semitter diode junction is forward biased whilethe collector diode or junction is reversebiased.

Online Resource for ETCH 213 Faculty: B. Allen

Emitter Current (I

E

) – The current at the transistor’s

emitter terminal.Base Current (I

B

) – The relatively small current at

the transistor’s base terminal.Collector Current (I

C

) – The current emerging out

of the transistor’s collector.I

E

= I

B

+ I

C

E

C

I I

Online Resource for ETCH 213 Faculty: B. Allen

Current-controlled transistor

As I

B

I

C

and

I

E

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Operation in cutoff and

saturation

Cutoff – A transistor is in cutoff when thebias voltage is reduced to a point that it stopscurrent in the transistor.Saturation – A transistor is in saturation whenthe bias voltage is increased to such a pointthat further increase will not cause anyincrease in the current through the transistor.

Online Resource for ETCH 213

Biasing PNP bipolar transistors^ Use negative base voltage.Use negative collector voltage.