Online Resource for ETCH 213
Faculty: B. Allen
Bipolar Junction Transistors
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Bipolar Junction Transistors: Types, Construction, Operation, and Applications - Prof. Bre, Study notes of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
An in-depth exploration of bipolar junction transistors (bjts), their types (npn and pnp), construction, operation as a switch or variable resistor, on/off switching, transistor applications in digital logic gates and analog amplifiers, and amplification concepts. The document also covers transistor biasing methods, such as base biasing and voltage divider biasing.
Typology: Study notes
Pre 2010
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Online Resource for ETCH 213
Bipolar Junction Transistors
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Transistor types
NPN Transistor – A thin, highly dopedp-type region (base) is sandwiched betweentwo n-type regions (emitter and collector).PNP Transistor – A thin, highly dopedn-type region (base) is sandwiched betweentwo p-type regions (emitter and collector).
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Bipolar junction transistor (BJT)
types.
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Transistor construction and
packaging
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ON/OFF switching
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Transistor’s variable resistor
Transistance – The effect of transferring resistance
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Transistor as a digital logic gate
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Transistor as an analog
amplifier
Amplification – Boosting in strength, or increasingamplitude, of an electronic signal.
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Voltage Gain (A
V
) – The ratio of the output signal
voltage change to the input signal voltage change.Output Signal Voltage Change – Change in the outputsignal voltage in response to a change in the inputsignal voltage.Input Signal Voltage Change – The input voltagechange that causes a corresponding change in theoutput voltage.
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Correctly biased NPN transistor
circuit
For normal operation, the NPN transistor’semitter diode junction is forward biased whilethe collector diode or junction is reversebiased.
Online Resource for ETCH 213 Faculty: B. Allen
Emitter Current (I
E
) – The current at the transistor’s
emitter terminal.Base Current (I
B
) – The relatively small current at
the transistor’s base terminal.Collector Current (I
C
) – The current emerging out
of the transistor’s collector.I
E
= I
B
+ I
C
E
C
I I ≅
Online Resource for ETCH 213 Faculty: B. Allen
Current-controlled transistor
As I
B
I
C
and
I
E
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Operation in cutoff and
saturation
Cutoff – A transistor is in cutoff when thebias voltage is reduced to a point that it stopscurrent in the transistor.Saturation – A transistor is in saturation whenthe bias voltage is increased to such a pointthat further increase will not cause anyincrease in the current through the transistor.
Online Resource for ETCH 213