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Blood characteristics
- cells suspended in a fluid plasma matrix, a type of CT -
composed of RBC, WBC & platelets - made by hematopoietic
tissue in bone marrow - RBC's function in blood vessels to
clot - WBCs leave and work in tissue - transports materials-
nutirents, oxygen, metabolic wastes, specialized cells that
defend tissues - maintains stable cellular environment
TERM 2
Blood volume and
composition
DEFINITION 2
- average of 5L in adults - hematocrit: % volume by cells -
RBC: 45% - plasma: 55%
TERM 3
Blood plasma functions and
composition
DEFINITION 3
- clear fluid matrix - transports nutrients gases and vitamins,
regulates fluid & electrolyte balance maintains pH - 92%
water, 7% proteins, 1% solutes - differs from interstitial fluid
by a greater oxygen concentration, reduced carbon dioxide
concentration, and significantly more dissolves proteins
TERM 4
Blood plasma proteins
DEFINITION 4
- albumin: 60%, smallest, made in liver, helps maintain osmotic pressure of blood (raises w/ concentration), helps control blood volume (increases w/ volume), helps transport materials (bilirubin, steroids, lipids) - globulins: 35% - gamma globulins: act as antibodies - beta globulins: transport proteins produced by liver - alpha globulins: transport proteins produced by liver - fibrinogens: 4%, made in liver, plays role in clotting - serum: plasma - the fibrinogen -regulatory proteins: 1%, enzymes etc, function varies TERM 5
Blood plasma solutes
DEFINITION 5
- waste: urea, ammonia - electrolytes: Na+, K+. Mg2+ -
organic nutrients: lipids, glucose, amino acids
Erythrocytes
-Red blood cells; aneucliate, only retains mitochondria & enzymes - biconcave discs: think central region, thick outer region, larger surface area to volume ratio, shape adapts to function and allows passage through capillaries -form rouleaux: stack of blood cells that form in capillaries -hemoglobin: 280 million per RBC, 95%, 1/3 of cell mass, carries oxygen, protein globulin contains 4 globular polypeptides each containing 1 heme that has 1 Fe that binds to 1 oxygen, - oxy Hb: hemoglobin bound to 4 O's (bright red) easily reversed - deoxy Hb: hemoglobin has less and 4 O's ( deep red to maroon) - carbamino Hb: hemoglobin carries carbon dioxide TERM 7
Leukocytes
DEFINITION 7
- control diseases, defends against pathogens, removes
toxins, wastes, & damaged cells - do not work in circulatory
system, move into tissues - Diapedesis: squeezing out of the
blood vessels & going to different tissues - granulocytes:
very prominent granules in cytoplasm - agranualocytes: no
visible granules
TERM 8
Granulocytes
DEFINITION 8 -neutrophils: about 60%, pink granules, lobed nucleus, very mobile, phagocytic, granules are modified lysosomes loaded with enzymes, 1st defense against pathogens, breakdown and kills things, calls in reserves with chemicals and proteins - eosinophils: 2-4%, bilobed nucleus, red granules, increases during allergic reactions and parasitic infections, attracted to injuries, phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes - basophils: 1%, elongated s-shaped nucleus, blue granules containing histamine, releases histamine for inflammatory responses, attracts other WBCs, releases anticoagulants TERM 9
Monocytes
DEFINITION 9
- Agranulocytes - 2-8%, can live for several weeks or months in blood stream, largest cell in blood, nuclei vary in shape, - found in blood as monocytes, and in other areas as macrophages - fuse to form osteoclasts, free (can travel where ever) or fixed (stay put once they get into tissues) macrophages eat foreign materials, release chemicals to recruit more monocytes, attract fibroblasts to help with repair process TERM 10
lymphocytes characteristics and functions
DEFINITION 10
- Agranualocytes - 20-30%, formed in red bone marrow & mature in lymph organs, smallest WBC, has a very large nucleus, live for days to years, non-phagocytic - involved in immunity; specific: focuses on a single pathogen, produces antibodies, destroys abnormal tissue; acquired: develops immunity as we go through our lives and as we are exposed to different antigens
Blood Types
-RBC plasmalemma has surface antigens (glycoproteins or glycolipids), blood type based on type of antigen on surface of RBC & antibodies in plasma -Type A: antigens A on surface, antibodies to B in plasma -Type B: antigen B on surface, antibodies to A in plasma -Type AB: antigen A & B on surface, no antibodies in plasma - Type O: no antigens on surface, antibodies A&B in plasma, universal donor - if you have Rh you are Rh + if not your are Rh- - Rh- can only be exposed to Rh antigens once or they will die
