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What are the Functions of Blood?
Transportation-o2, nutrients, wastes, hormonesRegulation-Ph of body fluids, tempProtection-via wbc, phagocytosis, antibodies, clotting TERM 2
What are 4 Physical Characteristics of Blood?
DEFINITION 2 Viscous100.4 tempph 7.44-5 lit female 5-6 male TERM 3
Blood is 55%? 45%?
DEFINITION 3 55% Plasma45% Formed elements TERM 4
What makes up the blood plasma
DEFINITION 4 Proteins Water Other-Albumins -Waste, Electrolytes, gasses vitamins-Globulins ,nutrients-Fibrogen-others TERM 5
What makes up the Formed
elemnts
DEFINITION 5 99% RBC1% WBCs, and Platelets (these also make up the buffy coat
What do plasma proteins
do?
Matain blood osmotic pressure TERM 7
Albumin
DEFINITION 7 Transport steroids, and fatty acids TERM 8
Globulins
DEFINITION 8 Immunity and transport TERM 9
Fibrinogen
DEFINITION 9 Clotting TERM 10
Hemopoisis?
DEFINITION 10 Process of blood cell formationin embro- occurs in yolk sac, liver, spleen, in adults- only in red marrow of trabecular bone
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Produces by the kidneys, increases the RBC precursors
TERM 17
Thrombopoietin
(TPO)
DEFINITION 17 Produced by the liver, stimulates platelet formation TERM 18
Cytokines
DEFINITION 18 Produced by red marrow cells, stimulates WBC production TERM 19
Describe Erythrocytes
DEFINITION 19 Contaions HemoglobinBiconcave disk- increase surface area- fleble shape for narrow passages-no nucleus or other organells TERM 20
Hemoglobin
DEFINITION 20 Globin protein that has 4 polypeptie chains1 heme group, Fe2+ that binds with one ocygen molecule
RBCs Life Cycle
Life 120 days,worn out cells removed by fixed macrophages in spleen and liverbreakdown products are recycled TERM 22
Recycling of Hemoglobin
DEFINITION 22 Macrophage breaks down RBC into heme, and globinHeme then leaves macrophage via transferrin and goes to liverFrom the liver ferritin and hemosiderin comes transferrin again and heads to the red bone marrow where it is re used.OPtion 2Heme in macro phage binds to make biliverdin then to bilirubinbilirubin then heads to liver where it makes its way to the small intestine, Next bacteria brakedown bilirubin to urobilinogen which can be excretated by the kidney via urin, or urobilinogen gets broken down to stercobilin which gets excrted by pooping. stercobilin=brown TERM 23
Erythropoiesis
DEFINITION 23 Production of RBCs TERM 24
Erythropoietin -Proerythoblast -Reticulocyte
DEFINITION 24 Stimulates development of RBC precursorsStartes to produce hemoglobinNucleus is ejected to form reticulocyteReticulocytes escape from bone marrow into blood1-2 days they eject remaining organelles and become RBCs TERM 25
Hypoxia
DEFINITION 25 Cells not getting enough O
Agranulocytes
monocyes and lymphocytes TERM 32
Neutrophils
DEFINITION 32 2to 5 lobessmall70% attacks bacteria via phagocytosis TERM 33
Basophils
DEFINITION 33 Release histamine, which hightens the inflammatory responce TERM 34
Eosinophils
DEFINITION 34 Relases histaminace, and attacks parasites TERM 35
Monocytes
DEFINITION 35 Transforms into macrophages and destroy microes, clan up dead tissue via phagocytosis
Lymphocytes
Major players in the immune system TERM 37
B cells
DEFINITION 37 Turn into plasma cells that produce antibodies TERM 38
T cells
DEFINITION 38 Attack viruses, fungi, cance cells and some bacteria, cause transplant rejectuion allergies TERM 39
NK cells
DEFINITION 39 Natural killer attack and destryo a wide varity of foreign invaders TERM 40
What types of white blood cells return to
bloodstream?
DEFINITION 40 Lymphocytes only!!!!!! granulocytes and monocytes never do
Platelets chemicals
Clotting factors(III IV V XIII)ADP ATP Ca2 serotonin, fibrin- stabilizing factor, and enzymes that prduce thromboxane TERM 47
What hormone does platelets store and what
does it do?
DEFINITION 47 They store plateelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)It causes proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle and fibroblasts to repair damaged vessels TERM 48
What are the three steps in platelet plug
formation?
DEFINITION 48 Platelet AdhesionPlatelet Release ReactionPlatelet Aggregation TERM 49
Describe Platelet Adhesion
DEFINITION 49 The platelets sitck to exposed collagen underlying damgaed endothelial cells in the vessel wall TERM 50
Describe Platelet Release Reaction
DEFINITION 50 Step 2The platelets a activated by adhesion extend projections vescials relase: thromboxane A2and ADP Which activate other platlets Serotonin and thromboxane: vasoconstrictors decreasing blood flow through the injured vessel
Decribe platelet aggregationn
Step 3Activated platelets stick together andactivate new platelets to form a mass called a platelet plugPlug will be reinforced by fibrin therads formed during subsequent blood clotting process TERM 52
Describe Blood Clotting
DEFINITION 52 A cascade of reactions in which each clotting factor activqates the next in a fixed sequence resuliting in the formation of fibrin thereads TERM 53
Prothrombinase
DEFINITION 53 FOrmed by either the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway TERM 54
Extrinsic Pathway for clotting pathway
DEFINITION 54 Begins with tissue tramaDamaged tissues leak tissue factor into bloodstreamPROTHROMBINASE is fromed in secondsFewer steps quicker than intrinsic pathway TERM 55
Intrinsic Pathway
DEFINITION 55 Blood or vessel tramua inside cellPlatelets come in contacct with collagen of damaged blood vessel wall or platelets damaged and releas phospholipidsRequires several minutes for prothrombinase formatin
Type A blood type has
A antigen on RBC, and Anti B antipody in plasma TERM 62
Type B blood type has
DEFINITION 62 B antigen and anti a antibody in plsma TERM 63
Type AB has.
DEFINITION 63 Both A and B andtigens TERM 64
Type O blood type has
DEFINITION 64 Neither a o b antigens on cell, but has both anti a and anti b antibodies in blood TERM 65
Antigens are
DEFINITION 65 glycoproteins and glycolibpids that mark RBCs
What is RBC clumping called?
agglutination TERM 67
What happends if you a AB blood is dontated
to an O
DEFINITION 67 Antibodies of the O blood attack the AB blood and causes agglutiation, agglutinated cells are attacked and lysed by recipient's immune system and results in hemolysis of donor RBCs, and the released hemoglobin can damage glomeruli of kidneys which shuts down kidneys TERM 68
Rh blood groups
DEFINITION 68 If you have the RH antigen on RBC then you are RH+ TERM 69
Normally plasma contains no anti?
DEFINITION 69 Rh antibodies TERM 70
Hemolytic Disease of a newborn?
DEFINITION 70 Negetive RH mom and a RH+ baby.
