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Understanding the Functions and Components of Blood: A Comprehensive Guide, Quizzes of Physiology

Explore the essential functions of blood, including transportation, regulation, and protection. Delve into the physical characteristics, composition, and roles of plasma proteins, red and white blood cells, and platelets. Learn about the processes of hemopoiesis, erythrocyte production, and the mechanisms of hemostasis.

Typology: Quizzes

2012/2013

Uploaded on 01/22/2013

hawleyd
hawleyd 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
What are the Functions of Blood?
DEFINITION 1
Transportation-o2, nutrients, wastes, hormonesRegulation-Ph
of body fluids, tempProtection-via wbc, phagocytosis,
antibodies, clotting
TERM 2
What are 4 Physical Characteristics of Blood?
DEFINITION 2
Viscous100.4 tempph 7.44-5 lit female 5-6 male
TERM 3
Blood is 55%? 45%?
DEFINITION 3
55% Plasma45% Formed elements
TERM 4
What makes up the blood plasma
DEFINITION 4
Proteins Water Other-Albumins -Waste, Electrolytes, gasses
vitamins-Globulins ,nutrients-Fibrogen-others
TERM 5
What makes up the Formed
elemnts
DEFINITION 5
99% RBC1% WBCs, and Platelets (these also make up the
buffy coat
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What are the Functions of Blood?

Transportation-o2, nutrients, wastes, hormonesRegulation-Ph of body fluids, tempProtection-via wbc, phagocytosis, antibodies, clotting TERM 2

What are 4 Physical Characteristics of Blood?

DEFINITION 2 Viscous100.4 tempph 7.44-5 lit female 5-6 male TERM 3

Blood is 55%? 45%?

DEFINITION 3 55% Plasma45% Formed elements TERM 4

What makes up the blood plasma

DEFINITION 4 Proteins Water Other-Albumins -Waste, Electrolytes, gasses vitamins-Globulins ,nutrients-Fibrogen-others TERM 5

What makes up the Formed

elemnts

DEFINITION 5 99% RBC1% WBCs, and Platelets (these also make up the buffy coat

What do plasma proteins

do?

Matain blood osmotic pressure TERM 7

Albumin

DEFINITION 7 Transport steroids, and fatty acids TERM 8

Globulins

DEFINITION 8 Immunity and transport TERM 9

Fibrinogen

DEFINITION 9 Clotting TERM 10

Hemopoisis?

DEFINITION 10 Process of blood cell formationin embro- occurs in yolk sac, liver, spleen, in adults- only in red marrow of trabecular bone

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Produces by the kidneys, increases the RBC precursors
TERM 17

Thrombopoietin

(TPO)

DEFINITION 17 Produced by the liver, stimulates platelet formation TERM 18

Cytokines

DEFINITION 18 Produced by red marrow cells, stimulates WBC production TERM 19

Describe Erythrocytes

DEFINITION 19 Contaions HemoglobinBiconcave disk- increase surface area- fleble shape for narrow passages-no nucleus or other organells TERM 20

Hemoglobin

DEFINITION 20 Globin protein that has 4 polypeptie chains1 heme group, Fe2+ that binds with one ocygen molecule

RBCs Life Cycle

Life 120 days,worn out cells removed by fixed macrophages in spleen and liverbreakdown products are recycled TERM 22

Recycling of Hemoglobin

DEFINITION 22 Macrophage breaks down RBC into heme, and globinHeme then leaves macrophage via transferrin and goes to liverFrom the liver ferritin and hemosiderin comes transferrin again and heads to the red bone marrow where it is re used.OPtion 2Heme in macro phage binds to make biliverdin then to bilirubinbilirubin then heads to liver where it makes its way to the small intestine, Next bacteria brakedown bilirubin to urobilinogen which can be excretated by the kidney via urin, or urobilinogen gets broken down to stercobilin which gets excrted by pooping. stercobilin=brown TERM 23

Erythropoiesis

DEFINITION 23 Production of RBCs TERM 24

Erythropoietin -Proerythoblast -Reticulocyte

DEFINITION 24 Stimulates development of RBC precursorsStartes to produce hemoglobinNucleus is ejected to form reticulocyteReticulocytes escape from bone marrow into blood1-2 days they eject remaining organelles and become RBCs TERM 25

Hypoxia

DEFINITION 25 Cells not getting enough O

Agranulocytes

monocyes and lymphocytes TERM 32

Neutrophils

DEFINITION 32 2to 5 lobessmall70% attacks bacteria via phagocytosis TERM 33

Basophils

DEFINITION 33 Release histamine, which hightens the inflammatory responce TERM 34

Eosinophils

DEFINITION 34 Relases histaminace, and attacks parasites TERM 35

Monocytes

DEFINITION 35 Transforms into macrophages and destroy microes, clan up dead tissue via phagocytosis

Lymphocytes

Major players in the immune system TERM 37

B cells

DEFINITION 37 Turn into plasma cells that produce antibodies TERM 38

T cells

DEFINITION 38 Attack viruses, fungi, cance cells and some bacteria, cause transplant rejectuion allergies TERM 39

NK cells

DEFINITION 39 Natural killer attack and destryo a wide varity of foreign invaders TERM 40

What types of white blood cells return to

bloodstream?

DEFINITION 40 Lymphocytes only!!!!!! granulocytes and monocytes never do

Platelets chemicals

Clotting factors(III IV V XIII)ADP ATP Ca2 serotonin, fibrin- stabilizing factor, and enzymes that prduce thromboxane TERM 47

What hormone does platelets store and what

does it do?

DEFINITION 47 They store plateelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)It causes proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle and fibroblasts to repair damaged vessels TERM 48

What are the three steps in platelet plug

formation?

DEFINITION 48 Platelet AdhesionPlatelet Release ReactionPlatelet Aggregation TERM 49

Describe Platelet Adhesion

DEFINITION 49 The platelets sitck to exposed collagen underlying damgaed endothelial cells in the vessel wall TERM 50

Describe Platelet Release Reaction

DEFINITION 50 Step 2The platelets a activated by adhesion extend projections vescials relase: thromboxane A2and ADP Which activate other platlets Serotonin and thromboxane: vasoconstrictors decreasing blood flow through the injured vessel

Decribe platelet aggregationn

Step 3Activated platelets stick together andactivate new platelets to form a mass called a platelet plugPlug will be reinforced by fibrin therads formed during subsequent blood clotting process TERM 52

Describe Blood Clotting

DEFINITION 52 A cascade of reactions in which each clotting factor activqates the next in a fixed sequence resuliting in the formation of fibrin thereads TERM 53

Prothrombinase

DEFINITION 53 FOrmed by either the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway TERM 54

Extrinsic Pathway for clotting pathway

DEFINITION 54 Begins with tissue tramaDamaged tissues leak tissue factor into bloodstreamPROTHROMBINASE is fromed in secondsFewer steps quicker than intrinsic pathway TERM 55

Intrinsic Pathway

DEFINITION 55 Blood or vessel tramua inside cellPlatelets come in contacct with collagen of damaged blood vessel wall or platelets damaged and releas phospholipidsRequires several minutes for prothrombinase formatin

Type A blood type has

A antigen on RBC, and Anti B antipody in plasma TERM 62

Type B blood type has

DEFINITION 62 B antigen and anti a antibody in plsma TERM 63

Type AB has.

DEFINITION 63 Both A and B andtigens TERM 64

Type O blood type has

DEFINITION 64 Neither a o b antigens on cell, but has both anti a and anti b antibodies in blood TERM 65

Antigens are

DEFINITION 65 glycoproteins and glycolibpids that mark RBCs

What is RBC clumping called?

agglutination TERM 67

What happends if you a AB blood is dontated

to an O

DEFINITION 67 Antibodies of the O blood attack the AB blood and causes agglutiation, agglutinated cells are attacked and lysed by recipient's immune system and results in hemolysis of donor RBCs, and the released hemoglobin can damage glomeruli of kidneys which shuts down kidneys TERM 68

Rh blood groups

DEFINITION 68 If you have the RH antigen on RBC then you are RH+ TERM 69

Normally plasma contains no anti?

DEFINITION 69 Rh antibodies TERM 70

Hemolytic Disease of a newborn?

DEFINITION 70 Negetive RH mom and a RH+ baby.