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A comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions covering key concepts in nuclear physics and x-ray production, relevant to biomedical engineering. The questions delve into topics such as isotopes, x-ray generation, radiation interactions, and radioactive decay, offering a valuable resource for students preparing for a midterm exam in bme 520.
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Of what are 15O and 16O examples of? (A) Isotopes (B) Isotones (C) Isomers (D) Isobars
(E) Radionuclides - โ โ (A) Isotopes
The anode angle (degrees) in an x-ray tube used for chest radiography is most likely: a. 15 b. 30 c. 45 d. 60
e. 75 - โ โ a. 15
The difference between a 600 keV x-ray and 600 keV gamma ray photon is the: (A) Means of production (B) Position in the electromagnetic spectrum (C) Wavelength (D) Modes of interaction with matter (E) LET - โ โ (A) Means of production
x-rays are produced by electrons and gamma rays are produced by nuclear transforms The electron density of radiology patients is: (A) Mass number times density (B) Inversely proportional to density (C) Atomic number times Avogadro's number (D) Number of electrons per cubic centimeter (E) Density times charge - โ โ (D) Number of electrons per cubic centimeter
(C) An ion (D) A radioisotope (E) A radionuclide - โ โ (C) An ion
At 65 kV and with a tungsten target, the percentage (%) of K-shell x-rays in the x-ray beam is most likely: a. 0 b. 1 c. 10 d. 50 e. 99 - โ โ a. 0
At the same peak voltage, which generator likely deposits most energy into an anode? a. constant potential b. high frequency c. three phase (12 pulse)
d. three phase (6 pulse) e. single phase - โ โ a. constant potential
Changing x-ray tube current (mA) most likely changes the x-ray: a. field of view b. maximum energy c. average energy d. anode angle e. beam intensity - โ โ e. beam intensity
Concerning the radiations emitted in the decay of 99mTc, which is true? (A) 140 keV photons are emitted. (B) Characteristic x-rays and 140 keV gamma rays are emitted. (C) Characteristic x-rays, Auger electrons, and gamma rays are emitted. (D) Characteristic x-rays are emitted.
If the distance from a radiation source is halved, the radiation intensity will: (A) Increase by 2% (B) Increase by 50% (C) Double (D) Triple (E) Quadruple - โ โ (E) Quadruple
In decay by isomeric transition: (A) The energy remains the same (B) The atomic number Z decreases by one (C) The mass number A decreases by one (D) Only gamma rays are emitted (E) A and Z remain the same - โ โ (E) A and Z remain the same Kinetic Energy is the energy associated with the velocity of: ( A) Visible light photons
(B) X-rays (C) Gamma rays (D) Mass (E) Neutrinos - โ โ (D) Mass
The large focus dimension is most likely large (%) than that of the small focus by: a. 10 b. 25 c. 50 d. 75 e. 100 - โ โ e. 100
smallest focus spot = 0.6mm
largest focus spot = 1.2mm The mass number (A) of an atom is equal to the number of:
c. 65 d. 75 e. 140 - โ โ c. 65
The outer -shell electrons in an atom are not: (A) More loosely bound than are inner-shell electrons (B) Bound with energies of a few electron volts (C) Responsible for forming chemical bonds with other atoms (D) Ejected from the atom by photons and electrons (E) Unstable - โ โ (E) Unstable
The power loading on a target operated at 80kV and 100mA: (A) Is 8 kJ (B) Is 8 kW (C) Is 8 kW/second (D) Is 8 keV (E) Cannot be determined - โ โ (B) Is 8KW
The purpose of x-ray transformers is most likely to change the: a. magnetic field b. electrical voltage c. power level d. waveform frequency e. current intensity - โ โ b. electrical voltage
Transformers in an x-ray machine: (A) Work on the principle of electromagnetic induction (B) Need a filament as a source of electrons (C) Are used to transform electron energy into x-rays (D) Use thermionic emission (E) Cannot be used to generate low voltages - โ โ (A) Work on the principle of electromagnetic induction
When 60Co (Z=27) decays to 60Ni (Z=28), which of the following is emitted? (A) Positrons (B) Electrons (C) Alpha particles (D) 140 keV x-rays (E) Neutrinos - โ โ (B) Electrons
When a secondary coil has 500 more turns than a primary coil, the ratio of the secondary voltage to the primary voltage is most likely: a. 500 b. 5000. c. 1/ d. 1/5000.
e. Depends on AC frequency - โ โ a. 500
Which characteristic increases with increasing photon energy? (A) Wavelength (B) Frequency (C) Mass (D) Charge (E) Speed - โ โ (B) Frequency
Which high-voltage generator results in the longest exposure time? - โ โ
Which of the following are not directly ionizing radiation? (A) Electrons (B) Positrons (C) Neutrons (D) Alpha particles
(E) Internal conversion electrons - โ โ (C) Neutrons
d. Six pulse e. Twelve pulse - โ โ c. single phase
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the K-shell binding energy? (A) Oxygen is 0.5 keV. (B) Calcium is 4 keV. (C) Barium is 20 keV. (D) Iodine 33 keV. (E) Lead is 88 keV. - โ โ (C) Barium is 20 keV
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the total number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom? (A) Six for carbon (B) Seven for nitrogen (C) Eight for oxygen (D) Forty for calcium (E) Fifty-three for iodine - โ โ (D) Forty for calcium
calcium Z = 20 Which of the following is measured in newtons? (A) Electrons flowing through a medium (B) Attraction or repulsion between two bodies (C) Mass (D) Electric resistance (E) Energy expended per unit time - โ โ (B) Attraction or repulsion between two bodies Which of the following is not a force? (A) Electrostatic (B) Weak (C) Strong (D) Gravitation (E) Electricity - โ โ (E) Electricity
Which quantity is the best measure of power? (A) Joule (B) Tesla
131 I and 125 I have different: (A) Chemical properties (B) Z values (C) Numbers of neutrons (D) Numbers of protons (E) K-shell binding energies - โ โ (C) Numbers of neutrons After 10 half-lives, the fraction of activity remaining: (A) Depends on the initial activity (B) Is 1/ (C) Is (1/10)^ (D) Is (1/2)^ (E) Is 9/10 - โ โ (D) Is (1/2)^
After 24 hours, the activity of a 100 MBq 123I (T1/2 = 13 hours) source will be about: (A) 50 MBq (B) 25 MBq
(C) 10 MBq (D) 5 MBq (E) 1 MBq - โ โ (B) 25 MBq
(1/2)^n n = about 2 = 1/ 100/4 = 25 Alternating electric current sources produce: (A) Static electric fields (B) Static magnetic fields (C) Unidirectional flow of electrons (D) Oscillatory flows of electrons (E) Stationary electrons - โ โ (D) Oscillatory flows of electrons Which of the following is not a type of x-ray generator? a. Single phase
