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BMS 108 SBCC Exam 1 With Accurate Solutions 100% Verified
Physiology is the study of the _______ of the human body and its parts. Function (Fx) Through the use of negative feedback mechanisms, the body is able to maintain arelative stable environment in a process known as _____________. homeostasis True or False: As more protons are released into a biological solution, the pH becomesincreasingly lower. True
The structural level that is one level more complex (i.e. higher) than the tissue level isthe ________ level. organ The abbreviation ICF represents _______________. intracellular fluid The symbol ± represents ______________. more or less he molecular weight of succinic acid (C4H6O4) is ____________ g/mol. (MW: hydrogen = 1g/mol; carbon = 12 g/mol;oxygen = 16 g/mol)
_____a_______ + ______b_________ = solutionsolvent + solute
The process in which a molecule splits apart when placed in an aqueous biologicalsolution is known as _______________________________________ resulting in ionization. dissociation True or False: Diffusion is the movement of substances from an area of [high] to an areaof [low]. True True or False: An element that has gained an electron is known as an anion.True
The osmolarity of the body is typically _________________ milliosmoles under homeostaticconditions. 300 M0sm
How many molecules are in one mole of AlCL3?6.022 X 10 to the 23rd
True or False: Molarity is a measure of the concentration of one solute in a solution. True
True or False: The number of particles for a given osmolarity count is dependent on ifthe molecule is covalently or ionically bonded. True
The mechanisms that are controlled within tissues and/or organs are referred to as_________ mechanisms. intrinsic The atomic number of an element is determined by its number of __________ Protons
True or False: The primary structure of a protein is determined by its sequence of aminoacids. True We have an expert-written solution to this problem! All of the following statements concerning hydrogen bonds is correct except. a. They can form between neighboring molecules.
b. They are responsible for many of the unique properties of water. c. They are important forces for secondary structure of proteins. d. They can occur within a single molecule. e. are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms.e. are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms.
The following diagram illustrates the example of __________________.a. peptide bonds b. 2 amino acids are becoming a protein c. hydrolysisd. dehydration synthesis e. two sugar molecules combine to form a monosaccharide D. dehydration synthesis Glycogen _____________________. a. contains the genetic information found in cells. b. helps to protect vital organs from damage. c. is the form animal starch is configured as.d. serves as a structural component of human cells. e. forms the regulatory molecules known as enzymes. c. is the form animal starch is configured as. _____________ are molecules that contain primarily carbons and hydrogens linkedtogether by nonpolar covalent bonds. a. hydrocarbons
c. carboxyl :: amino d. nucleotide :: phsphate e. fatty acid :: glycerolc. carboxyl :: amino
A positively charged inorganic molecule is classified as a __________. cation All of the following statements are true except. a. a proton is another name for a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron b. hydrogen bonds easily dissociate in a solution c. hydrogen bonds have a slightly negative charge in solution d. covalent bonds may be polar or non-polar e. covalent bonds are relatively strong c. hydrogen bonds have a slightly negative charge in solution
Hydrogen bonding between the amino hydrogen of one amino acid and the carboxyloxygen of another is responsible for ____________ protein structure. (spell it out - don't use a number) secondary
An acid is a molecule that acts as a(n) _______________. a. proton acceptor b. electron donor c. hydroxide donor d. hydrogen acceptor e. proton donor e. proton donor
Treu or False: Acids are proton donors.True
True or False: Activation of proteins occurs when a ligand binds and results in signaltransduction that induces a cascade of biochemical pathways. True
false
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? A. During an infection, the body temperature set point is increased. The hypothalamuscommunicates to skeletal muscles to shiver and to blood vessels to decrease blood flow to the skin, causing a rise in body temperature. B. Consumption of caffeine increases urine output, causing dehydration. C. In case of a blood clot, platelets release ADP, which in turn stimulates plateletaggregation, releasing more ADP from platelets.
D. If the blood pressure rises above the normal levels, then this change in bloodpressure is detected by major arteries' baroreceptors, which send signals to the brain. Further, regions of the brain send signals to nerves controlling heart and blood vessels,which results in slower heartbeats with an increased diameter of blood vessels that in turn reduce the blood pressure. E. During delivery, contractions of the uterus push the baby toward the cervix.Receptors in the cervix detect the pressure brought by the baby and trigger the release of a hormone called oxytocin. The released oxytocin causes stronger contractions of theuterus, pushing more on the baby, increasing the pressure, and increasing oxytocin. The cycle repeats until the baby is delivered from the mother. D. If the blood pressure rises above the normal level, then the increase is detected bybaroreceptors present in the major arteries which send signals to the brain. Further, corresponding regions of the brain send signals to the nerves controlling heart andblood vessels and as a result the heart beats slower, the diameter of the blood vessels increases which collectively decreases the blood pressure.
Changes in the external or internal environment alter the _______, which is detected bythe _______, and that information is sent to the integrating center which then determines an action for the _________. a. sensor : effector : set point b. regulated variable : guard cell : set point c. error signal : regulated variable : effector d. effector : set point : regulated variable e. regulated variable : sensor : effector e. regulated variable : sensor : effector Lisinopril is a medication that lowers high blood pressure back to within a desired rangeof function. The action of this medication is similar to that of a(n) ________ in the human body. a. regulated variable b. set point c. integrating center d. positive feedback response e. negative feedback response
b. require a negative feedback loop to discontinue c. include the rise of an action potential generated in a nerve cell d. they produce a response in the same direction as the initial change a. they always move directly towards homeostasis
True or False: Homeostasis is often maintained by antagonistic effectors. True
The lumen of which of the following systems is part of the internal environment? a. respiratory system b. cardiovascular system c. gastrointestinal and urinary systems d. urinary system e. gastrointestinal system b. cardiovascular system
True or False: The primary mechanism to maintain homeostasis is positive feedback. False
The portion of body water outside of cells that bathes most cells of the body is called. interstitial fluid
Extracellular fluid is composed of _____________ and is approximately _____ of total bodyfluid.
a. plasma and intracellular fluid : 65% b. plasma only : 25% c. interstitial fluid only : 65% d. interstitial fluid and plasma : 35%e. intracellular fluid only : 35% d. interstitial fluid and plasma : 35% RBCs are placed in a beaker of seawater. The cells would… a. lyse because they lost their salt to the surrounding seawater. b. first crenate and then lysec. undergo swelling and lysis.
What is the term for when a cell loses so much water it shrinks?__________________________ crenation
Which cell would have a higher osmotic pressure: (A) a cell with a [solute] = 15%compared, or (B) a cell with a[n] [solute] of 12%? A. Cell A B. Cell B Cell A
isosceles is a vain fellow concerned about his skin and only bathes in fragrant bathsalts. His little sister Parabola likes to soak in the tub in pure water.
a. Which person is taking a hypertonic bath? _______________ b. Whose body will lose water? _______________ c. Will anyone neither gain nor lose water? _______________ a. isoscelesb. Isosceles c. No
The molecular weight of pyruvate (C3H4O3) is ________________ g/mol.
MW of C = 12 g/mol MW of H = 1 g/mol MW of O = 16 g/mol88.1 g/mol
Normally, a receptor that can respond to only 1 type of stimulus and is called its________________________ stimulus. adequate True or False: A physiological transducer converts different forms of energy into actionpotentials. True The phrase based upon the acronym WFS is _____________.water follows solute
True or False: In the starch experiment, Lugol's solution (I2KI ) able to react with starchin the dialysis bag because it dissociated and the iodide ion was small enough to diffuse through. True The relative percentage of solutes in a solution and the way in which cells respond iscalled.
a. hypertonicity b. dissocation
The highest value when taking a blood pressure is represented by the ____________pressure value. systolic In the plasma membrane figure, 'd' represents specifically a ________________ protein. nonintegral or peripheral In the plasma membrane figure, 'f' represents a ________________ (the entire molecule).glycoprotein
In the plasma membrane figure, 'i' represents the structure comprised of a bilayer of_________________. phospholipids
In the plasma membrane figure, the scattered arrows represent the outside of the cellfilled with __________________ fluid. extracellular
The type of chemical bond shown here is an example of a _____________ bond. covalent
The type of chemical reaction shown here is an example of a ______________ reaction. dehydration synthesis
'D' in the figure represents a ________________. sensor or receptor
J' in the figure represents an _______________. Effector
'E' in the figure represents an ___________________ pathway.afferent or sensory
'F' in the figure represents the ____________________. CNS or central nervous system Comparing the two concentration gradients, which would show the fastest movement ofmolecules? B would go faster Substrates fit into the _________ site of an enzyme like a lock and key.active
