




















Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
BMS 300 FINAL EXAM with correct answers
Typology: Exams
1 / 28
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Dipole Moment - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Partial negative and partial positive charge What causes surface tension? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrogen bonding Hydrophilic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"water loving" Hydrophobic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"water fearing" Hydration Shell - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Water surrounding the ions Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Movement of ions from high to low concentrations Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Diffusion of water Amphipathic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"both loving"
Characteristics of the head group - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrophilic, charged, phosphodiestor bonds Characteristics of the tail - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrophobic, uncharged, ester bonds. Characteristics of proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Made up of amino acids, have polypeptides, includes enzymes, structural elements, and transmembrane proteins Characteristics of Transmembrane Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Has a lumen that is a hydrophilic pathway, allows movement of ions, and has R-groups. Hydrophobic interacts with lipid bilayer and hydrophilic interacts with pathway/lumen Characteristics of prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Archea and bacteria. Single celled, no membrane bound "organs", free floating DNA (circular) Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fungus plants and animals. Multi- cell, organelles, nucleus (DNA compacted) What is contained in the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔DNA
Secreted proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Destined to leave the cell What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fat processing Characteristics of the mitochondira - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is ATP. Is double layered, and is passed down from the mom only What is the lysosome similar to? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A garbage disposal Characteristics of long transport - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Polymer: microtubules. Monomer: tubulin. Motor protein (vesicle transporting ATPase): kinesin is positive directed and dynein is negative directed Characteristics of local transport - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Polymer: filamentous actin. Monomer: globular actin. Motor protein (vesicle transporting ATPase): mysoin. Central Dogma - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔DNA ---replication---> DNA --- transcription---> RNA ---translation---> protein
What part of the central dogma occurs in the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Replication and Transcription What part of the central dogma occurs in the cytoplasm? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Translation What part of the central dogma is semi-conservative? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Replication What does semi-conservative mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔When creating more DNA we don't destroy the original two strands, rather we keep them. Helicases - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Unwinds the DNA, and breaks hydrogen bonds Characteristics of DNA polymerase - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Reads 3' to 5'. Adds 5' to 3'. Has phosphodiester bonds. What is RNA synthesized from? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔DNA What are the DNA bases? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A, T, G, C
Characteristics of the ribosome - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔5' to 3'. Links amino acids via peptide bonds tRNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Transfer RNA. Has the anti-codon and carries amino acids to the ribosomes. Signal Recognition Particle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(SRP). Stops translation and moves the rough ER SRP receptor characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Located on the rough ER membrane and binds to SRP to help guide ribosomes to protein translocater (translocon) Characteristics of translocon - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Transmembrane protein (on rough ER), aid proteins entering the lumen of the ER (to integrate proteins into ER membrane) If there is a signal peptide where does it go? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lysosome If there is no signal peptide where does it go? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cytoplasm rRNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ribosomal RNA
mRNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Messenger RNA. Convey genetic info from DNA to ribosomes. What are the four types of tissue? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous Characteristics of Epithelial Cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Form layers. Has polarity orientation (apical vs. basilar). Avascular (contains no blood). Reproduce themselves. Primary Protein Structure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Amino acid strings and polypeptide chain Secondary Protein Structure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Aplha helix, beta pleated sheet, caused by hydrogen bonds Tertiary Protein Structure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Due to R-groups and has a 3-D shape. Tissue - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A large mass of similar cells that make up an organism and perform a specific function
What does basilar mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Faces the basal lamina (usually near the blood) What is all connective tissue derived from? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Mesenchyme What do fibrocytes/fibroblasts create? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Connective tissue proper (dermis, tendons, and ligaments) What do chrondroblasts create? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cartilage (fibrocartiledge, hyaline, elastin) What do osteocytes create? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Bone What do hematopoetic stem cells create? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Blood Diaphysis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The middle/long section of the bone Epiphysis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The top/bottom part of the bone.
Medullary Space - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hollow center part of the bone. It is hallow so that the bone is not too heavy What is the medullary space filled with? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Yellow bone marrow What does the medullary space alow - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fat storage Osteocytes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"Bone builder." Secretes collagen and hydroxyapetite Collagen - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Prevents sheer/lateral forces (sideways forces) Hydroxyapetite - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Prevents compression forces Osteoblasts - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"Bone builder" They are mature osteocytes Osetoclasts - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"Bone breaker." Secrete acid which breaks down bone
Steroid Hormone Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cholesterol based. Hydrophobic. Cyctoplasmic receptor (binds intracellular). Acts a transcription factor. Slow. What does the hypothalamus release? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hormones Where are the ligand gated channels (for Na or Cl) aka stretch activated channels located? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Dendrite Where are the potassium (K+) channels located? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Soma/cell body What channels are located on the axon? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Voltaged gated sodium (Na+) and voltage gated potassium (K+) Where are the voltage gated calcium (Ca2+) channels located? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔On the axon terminal (output region) In the nervous system where is the nucleus located? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cell body What channels are responsible for the input region? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ligand gated (stretch activated channels)
What channels are responsible for the conductile region? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Voltage gated potassium (K+) and voltage gated sodium (Na+) channels Where does the action potential occur? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In the conductile region What channels are responsible for the output region? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Voltage gated calcium (Ca2+) channels Where does neurotransmitter release occur? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In the output region Characteristics of fast axoplasmic transport - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fast (200-400 mm/day). Has membrane bound proteins. Hydrophobic proteins in vesicles (kinesin/microtubules). Characteristics of slow axoplasmic transport - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Slow (0.5-2 mm/day). Hydrophilic cytoplasmic proteins (katains, kinesin, microtubules). Move in fits and starts which cause slower movement
Where does summation of the PSPs occur? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Trigger zone Temproal summation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔EPSP arrive at the trigger zone at the same time Spatial summation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔EPSP arrive at the trigger zone at the same space What happens when threshold is reached? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An action potential fires Steps in the Action Potential - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Resting Membrane Potential 2. EPSP temporal and spacing 3. Depolarization 4. Peak Action Potential 5. Repolarizaiton 6. Hyperpolarizaiton Characteristics of Resting Membrane Potential - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔K+ leak channels, flickering Na+ channels, close to the equilibrium of K+ Characteristics of EPSP summation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔EPSPs add together add together at the trigger zone.
Characteristics of Depolarization - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Voltage gated Na+ channels open. Seek equilibrium of Na+ which is 70mv Characteristics of Peak Action Potential - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Voltage gated Na+ channels inactivate, voltage gated K+ channels activate and open (this is a delayed rectifier which returns everything to normal slowly) Characteristics of Repolarization - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔All voltage gated K+ channels open, membrane seeks equilibrium of K+ which is - 80 mv Characteristics of Hyperpolariztion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Approach equilibrium of K+ because voltage gated K+ channels are open, but slowly closing Passive Membrane - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Membrane lacking voltage gated channels Efferent - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"to carry away" Afferent - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"to carry towards"
Location of Primary Sensory Afferent of Spinothalamic Tract - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Dorsal Root Ganglion Location of Secondary Sensory Afferent of Spinothalamic Tract - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Dorsal Horn in spinal cord Location of Tertiary Sensory Afferent of Spinothalamic Tract - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Thalamic relay nucleus in thalamus What types of information is carried by the Lateral Corticospinal Tract?
Osmotic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔H2O pressure. Moving high concentration of water to lower concentration. Can pull water back into the vessels Anitgen - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Foreign substance causing an immune response Antibody - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Binds to the antigen and is secreted or found in the transmembrane What do professional antigen presenting cells do? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Express MHC II protein Interferon - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Virually infected cells will release interferon onto neighboring cells to slow down endocytosis and exocytosis, as well as, transcription and translation What causes inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Neutraphils, Mast Cells, Monocytes Neutraphils - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Secrete bleach and peroxide (which are nonspecific responses)