Updated Spring 2009
Summary & Objectives Chapter 4 – “Body Organization and Homeostasis”
Summary
A. Tissues are made of groups or clusters of similar cells. **Form = Function**
B. There are four main types of tissue: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
C. Epithelial tissue is made of sheets of cells and is found on the surface or lining of organs. The
terminology for describing different types of epithelial tissue provides specific information on shape and
structure.
D. Connective tissue keeps our body together and includes the blood, bone, cartilage, and fat storage
tissue.
E. Muscle tissue can be smooth, skeletal, or cardiac and functions in movement.
F. Nervous tissue makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and functions in transmitting electrical
pulses.
G. Tissues work together to form organs.
H. The integumentary system is an example of an organ system, and it contains all four types of tissue.
I. Skin protects, regulates temperature, and excretes.
J. Melanin and blood flow determine skin color.
K. Hair, nails, and oil/sweat glands are derived from part of the skin.
L. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a consistent internal environment even when external conditions
vary (usually through negative feedback).
Objectives
1. Identify and describe the appearance of the four major types of tissues in the body based on cellular
shape and characteristics and overall tissue structure.
2. Give examples of each of the major types of tissues and their location in the human body.
3. Describe the major functions of each type of tissue.
4. Identify the types of tissues present in the integumentary system and how they contribute to the
functions of the integumentary system.
5. Differentiate between biological causes of skin colors and the social construct of race.
6. Identify causes of skin cancer and discuss epidemiological and clinical trial data relating to skin cancer
prevention.
7. Compare and contrast negative feedback and positive feedback and their role in homeostasis.
8. Identify parameters that are maintained in homeostasis in the human body (i.e. blood sugar, oxygen
levels, etc.)
9. Describe how homeostasis and negative feedback relate to temperature regulation, heart rate, and
breathing rate.
10. Describe what happens when homeostasis cannot be maintained.
Highlighted Book Terms:
tissue, epithelium, connective, muscle, nervous, squamos, cuboidal, columnar, gland, exocrine, endocrine,
collagen, adipose, cartilage, bone, blood, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, neuron, organ,
organ system, integumentary system, epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, melanin, melanocyte, negative
feedback, positive feedback
Additional terms you should know (some from lecture):
simple, stratified, junction, body cavity, arrector pili muscle, melanoma, liposuction, albinism, tattoo, Botox,
acne, receptor, effector, control center, hypothalamus, hyperthermia, hypothermia, hypoxia
