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Body structure of animal, Lecture notes of Zoology

Body structure of animals Kingdom

Typology: Lecture notes

2016/2017

Uploaded on 09/26/2017

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K:\CLASSES\Invert\Notes\03bodystructure02.doc Last printed 09/10/2002 11:19 AM
Invertebrate Zoology
Lecture Notes - Animal Body Structure
Notes: This is an outline of my class notes - details and visuals will be given in class!
Really. It won't be this boring!
Read: Chapter 9 in Hickman, Roberts & Larson.
I. Grades of metazoan organization
metazoan - multicellular animals
A. protoplasmic
B. cellular
C. cell-tissue
D. tissue-organ
E. organ-system
II. Scaling
A. body surface area increases more slowly than body volume
1. surface area needed for exchange
2. volume sets levels for work done, metabolites needed
3. smaller organisms fit more niches
4. larger organisms more efficient
5. larger organisms less vulnerable to predation
Learn tissue types on own (figures 9.4-9.7)
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Invertebrate Zoology

Lecture Notes - Animal Body Structure

Notes: This is an outline of my class notes - details and visuals will be given in class! Really. It won't be this boring! Read: Chapter 9 in Hickman, Roberts & Larson. I. Grades of metazoan organization metazoan - multicellular animals A. protoplasmic B. cellular C. cell-tissue D. tissue-organ E. organ-system II. Scaling A. body surface area increases more slowly than body volume

**1. surface area needed for exchange

  1. volume sets levels for work done, metabolites needed
  2. smaller organisms fit more niches
  3. larger organisms more efficient
  4. larger organisms less vulnerable to predation** Learn tissue types on own (figures 9.4-9.7)

Symmetry A. spherical: can be divided into equal halves by any plane passing through center B. radial: can be divided into equal halves by more than one plane cutting through longitudinal axis C. bilateral: only a sagittal plane can divide organism into equal halves D. directions:

**1. anterior/cranial

  1. posterior/caudal
  2. medial
  3. lateral
  4. dorsal
  5. ventral
  6. distal
  7. proximal
  8. basal**

1. leg a. trochanter b. femur c. tibia d. tarsus 1. 1-5 segments, starting from tibia 2. claw e. prolegs 2. prothorax a. legs only 3. mesothorax a. legs and wings except in Strepsiptera 4. metathorax a. legs and wings except in Diptera, some Homoptera, some Ephemeroptera

C. 10 abdominal segments

**1. numbered from thorax 1..

  1. may bear gills or spines
  2. cerci or tails**

D. Other structures

1. setae: socketed a. flattened setae = scales **2. spines: unsocketed

  1. suture - ingrowth of body wall**

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