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Body structure of animals Kingdom
Typology: Lecture notes
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Notes: This is an outline of my class notes - details and visuals will be given in class! Really. It won't be this boring! Read: Chapter 9 in Hickman, Roberts & Larson. I. Grades of metazoan organization metazoan - multicellular animals A. protoplasmic B. cellular C. cell-tissue D. tissue-organ E. organ-system II. Scaling A. body surface area increases more slowly than body volume
**1. surface area needed for exchange
Symmetry A. spherical: can be divided into equal halves by any plane passing through center B. radial: can be divided into equal halves by more than one plane cutting through longitudinal axis C. bilateral: only a sagittal plane can divide organism into equal halves D. directions:
**1. anterior/cranial
1. leg a. trochanter b. femur c. tibia d. tarsus 1. 1-5 segments, starting from tibia 2. claw e. prolegs 2. prothorax a. legs only 3. mesothorax a. legs and wings except in Strepsiptera 4. metathorax a. legs and wings except in Diptera, some Homoptera, some Ephemeroptera
C. 10 abdominal segments
**1. numbered from thorax 1..
D. Other structures
1. setae: socketed a. flattened setae = scales **2. spines: unsocketed
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