Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

Bone Formation and Joints: Cells, Mechanisms, and Growth, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Anatomy

Calvin Theological SeminaryAnatomy

An in-depth exploration of bone formation and joints, covering the major cells involved (osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts), the mechanisms of bone growth (intramembranous and endochondral ossification), and the role of joints in allowing movement. slides and lab materials from a university course, A560 – Fall 2015.

What you will learn

  • How does the epiphyseal plate allow bone to grow in length?
  • How does intramembranous ossification differ from endochondral ossification?
  • What are the differences between synovial and intervertebral joints?
  • What is the role of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts in bone growth?
  • What are the major cells involved in bone formation?

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

lakshminath
lakshminath 🇺🇸

4

(2)

223 documents

1 / 35

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Lab7–BoneFormat io nandJoints
A560– Fall2015
I. Introduction
II. LearningObjectives
III. SlidesandMicrographs
A. Bone(cont.)
1. Generalstructure
2. Cells
a. Osteoblasts
b. Osteoclasts
B. BoneFormation
1. Intramembranousossification
2. Endochondralossification
C. Joints
1. Synovial
2. Intervertebral
IV. Summary
BoneFormationandJoints
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
pf23

Partial preview of the text

Download Bone Formation and Joints: Cells, Mechanisms, and Growth and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides and MicrographsA. Bone (cont.)

  1. General structure2. Cellsa. Osteoblastsb. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

Bone

Formation

and

Joints

Bone

Formation

and

Joints

1.^

Bone

is a specialized type of connective tissue with

a calcified (mineralized) extracellular matrix (ECM);it^

serves

to

support

the

body,

protect

internal

organs, and acts as the body’s calcium reservoir.

2.^

Major

cells

of

bone

include:

osteoblasts

(form

osteoid

which

allows

matrix

mineralization

to

occur),

osteocytes

(from osteoblasts; enclosed in

lacunae and maintain the matrix), and

osteoclasts

(locally erode bone matrix during bone formationand remodeling).

3.^

Bone

growth

occurs

via

two basic

mechanisms:

intramembranous ossification

(bone forms within

mesenchymal

membrane)

and

endochondral

ossification

(bone replaces hyaline cartilage)

4.^

Joints are places where bones meet (articulate),allowing

at

least

the

potential

of

bending

or

movement;

examples

include,

synovial

joints

(diarthrosis) and

intervertebral joints

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides and MicrographsA. Bone (cont.)

  1. General structure2. Cellsa. Osteoblastsb. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

104: Bone, H&E

Bone

Slide 129: Tooth, H&E

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

1.^

General

structure

  1. Cells a. Osteoblastsb. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

Slide 129: Tooth, H&E

osteon

perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

central canal

osteocyte in^

lacuna

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

1.^ General

structure

  1. Cellsa. Osteoblastsb. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

Slide 34: Healing Bone Fracture, H&E

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

1.^

General

structure

  1. Cells a. Osteoblastsb. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

1 2

Fracture Callus

Hyaline Cartilage

EC Oss

Cortical^ bone

Sections (1)

and

are two rib segments from a fetal/newborn rabbit;

gives an example of a bone

fracture and repair processes (the

callus

is a temporary formation of highly proliferative fibroblasts and

chondroblasts extending from the periosteum down into the fracture to form new bone);

gives an

example of endochondral ossification (

EC Oss

) bone growth

Slide 34: Healing Bone Fracture, H&E

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

1.^

General

structure

  1. Cells a. Osteoblastsb. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

From the outside:

(CT)

is connective tissue proper surrounding the bone, note the abundant vasculature

present;

(P)

is periosteum with clearly visible collagen bundles and

(Act P)

is an area of more active

periosteum with lots of cellular differentiation occurring;

(M)

is marrow with abundant blood cells;

(HC)

are areas of hyaline cartilage;

(Wb)

is woven or primary bone being deposited upon hyaline cartilage

(basophilic); there is an irregular arrangement of collagen fibers (acidophilic), large cell number, andreduced mineral content;

(Tb)

is mature (mineralized), trabecular bone; close examination shows

endosteum on the edge of the bone bordering the marrow

Tb

Wb

M

Act

P

P

CT HC

Slide 34: Healing Bone Fracture, H&E

marrow endosteum lining trabecula

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

1.^ General

structure

  1. Cellsa. Osteoblastsb. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

Endosteum

lines all internal surfaces of bone (both cortical and trabecular); it

is generally only a single cell‐layer thick, and consists of inactive and activeosteoblasts

Slide 34: Healing Bone Fracture, H&E

osteoid lighter

stained

area

between

endosteum and mature

bone

endosteum mature bone

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

1.^ General

structure

  1. Cellsa. Osteoblastsb. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

Osteoid

is collagen‐rich, non‐mineralized precursor to true bone matrix; it

is secreted by

osteoblasts

during bone growth, repair, and remodeling;

osteoblast subsequently calcify the osteoid into bony hard bony matrix; inthe process, they become trapped in the matrix (in lacunae) and become osteocytes

Slide 34: Healing Bone Fracture, H&E

active periosteum osteocyte

w/ roundedor cuboidal osteoblasts

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

  1. General structure2. Cellsa.

Osteoblasts b. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation

  1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

Osteoblasts

develop from osteoprogenitor cells (from mesenchymal cells) and are found lining the

external and internal bone surfaces; they make

osteoid

(collagen‐rich matrix) which they then

calcify into true hard, bony matrix; they become trapped in the matrix and become

osteocytes

Slide 130: Membranous Bone, Fetal Skull

periosteum

osteoblasts

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

  1. General structure2. Cells a.^ Osteoblasts b. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

Slide 34: Healing Bone Fracture, H&E

Osteoclast

with

ruffled border(visible in EM) in Howship’s lacuna

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

  1. General structure2. Cells a. Osteoblastsb.^ Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

Slide 130: Membranous Bone, Fetal Skull

osteoclasts

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

  1. General structure2. Cells a. Osteoblastsb.^ Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1. Intramembranous ossification2. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

Slide 130: Membranous Bone, Fetal Skull

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

  1. General structure2. Cells a. Osteoblastsb. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation

1.^

Intramembranous

ossification

  1. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary

Side View

Frontal View

nasal cavity withcartilaginous nasalseptum in themiddle; surroundedby intramembranousbone development ofthe skull tongue in theoral cavitydeveloping teethwith surroundingintramembranousbone developmentof the jaw

Slide 130 – Fetal Skull

Slide 130: Membranous Bone, Fetal Skull

woven

bone

Lab

7 – Bone

Formation

and

Joints

A560 – Fall 2015

Introduction Learning Objectives Slides

and

Micrographs

A. Bone (cont.)

  1. General structure2. Cellsa. Osteoblastsb. Osteoclasts B. Bone Formation 1.^ Intramembranous

ossification

  1. Endochondral ossification C. Joints 1. Synovial2. Intervertebral Summary