BIO 245
Bone and Skeleton Lab
Lab 12: Procedure: Bone Structure and Classification
1. Classification of bones by shape
Long bones, Short bones, Sesamoid bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones, Sutural bones
2. Long Bone structure
Periosteum, Articular cartilage, Epiphysis (2), Diaphysis (1), Endosteum,
Marrow cavity (medullary cavity), Spongy Bone, Compact bone
3. Representative compact and spongy bone locations
6. Microscopic structure of bone tissue (using bone wedges and prepared slides)
Compact bone, Spongy bone, Lacunae, Osteon, Osteocyte, Canaliculi
Central (Haversian) canals, Perforating (Volkman’s) canals, Trabeculae,
Circumferential lamellae, interstitial lamellae, Concentric Lamellae
Endosteum, Periosteum.
Lab 13: Procedure: Organization of the skeleton
1. Axial and Appendicular Skeleton (page 122)
2. Bone Markings (pages 122 and 123)
Lab 14: Procedure Skull
Be able to identify the bones and their features on isolated bones, the skull and the whole skeleton.
Numbers in ( ) indicate the number of bones with that name.
Skull – Skull overview and Cranial Bones
Sutures: coronal, sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid
Frontal bone (1): supraorbital ridge, supraorbital foramen (notch), frontal sinus
Parietal Bones (2)
Occipital Bone (1): foramen magnum, occipital condyles, external occipital protuberance
Temporal Bones (2): styloid process, mastoid process, mandibular fossa,
zygomatic process, external auditory canal (meatus), jugular foramen, carotid canal,
Sphenoid Bone (1): greater wings, lesser wings, sella turcica, foramen ovale,
superior orbital fissure, pterygoid processes, sphenoid sinus
Ethmoid Bone (1): perpendicular plate, crista galli, cribriform plate, olfactory foramina,
ethmoid sinus
