Breeds of Cattle
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Breeds of Cattle: A Comprehensive Guide to Beef Cattle Varieties, Slides of Animal Anatomy and Physiology
A comprehensive overview of various cattle breeds, focusing on their origins, characteristics, and importance in the beef industry. It delves into the distinction between bos taurus and bos indicus cattle, highlighting their adaptations to different climates. The document further categorizes breeds into english, continental, heat tolerant, and composite breeds, providing detailed information on each category and its representative breeds. It also explores the concept of composite breeds, emphasizing their role in retaining heterosis and maintaining breed purity.
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2022/2023
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Breeds of Cattle
st
Domestication
(beef cattle)
- (^) The taurine (humpless, Bos taurus ) - Fertile Crescent - (^) Cradle of civilization - (^) 7,000 years ago
Bos taurus vs. Bos indicus
- (^) Bos taurus cattle
- (^) Typical cattle of Europe, Northeastern Asia, and parts of Africa
- (^) Referred to as Taurine cattle, grow longer hair (haired)
- (^) Many are adapted to cooler climates
- (^) Bos indicus cattle
- (^) Also called Zebu
- (^) Adapted to hot climates (adapted better to our climate)
Breeds of Cattle
- (^) 300-1,000 breeds of cattle in the world
- (^) Most are found in small numbers in isolated geographical areas
- (^) Prior to 1965, there were approximately 20 breeds in the U.S.
- (^) 1965 to now- approximately 70 breeds in the U.S.
- (^) Of these 70 breeds, 12-15 have a major influence on the U.S. beef industry
- (^) Cattle in the U.S. are generally either:
- (^) Bos taurus : English/British, Continental/Exotic
- (^) Bos indicus : heat tolerant
- (^) Composites: defined crosses of the two (above)
English Breeds
(Bos Taurus
+maternal)
Angus
- (^) Originated in Scotland
- (^) Color: Black
- (^) Most prominent beef cattle breed in the U.S.
- (^) Popular for carcass and maternal traits
Hereford
- (^) Originated in Europe
- (^) Color: Red with white face and white points on body
- (^) Popular for their survivability and crossbreeding (carcass traits)
- (^) Polled Hereford and Horned Hereford
Hereford X Angus = black baldy
rr BB Br Br
Shorthorn
- (^) Originated in England
- (^) Color: Red, white, combination of red and white, roan
- (^) Popular for their maternal and carcass qualities
- (^) Developed as a dual purpose breed, for both meat and milk production
Continental Breeds (Exotic Breeds, crossbred) (terminal)
Gelbvieh
- (^) Originated in Germany
- (^) Color: golden to rust or black
- (^) Popular for growth and maternal traits
- (^) Continental breeds- more muscle mass
Limousin
- (^) Originated in France
- (^) Color: various shades of red to black, can have white face
- (^) Popular for growth traits
Heat Tolerant
Breeds
Brahman
- Originated in the U.S.
- (^) Through crossing of several Bos indicus breeds
- (^) Color: Gray or red (can be as dark as black)
- (^) Popular for their heat and insect tolerance and disease resistance
- (^) Able to thrive in harsh environments
- Used in crossbreeding systems
- Popular breed in the southern U.S.
- (^) Carcass quality not as good, but improving