Cumulative

Module

1-3

Exam

(Chapters

17-22)

Study

Guide

In

addition

to

using

this

study guide

to

prepare

you

for

the

exam,

you

should

also

use the

chapter

summary

at

the

end

of

each

chapter.

Chapter

17

-

Blood

What

are

the

formed

elements?

Erythrocytes,

leukocytes

and

platelets.

Which

formed

elements

have

nuclei?

Leukocytes

have

nuclei,

erythrocytes

lose

their

nucleus

in

the

last

stage

of

erythropoiesis

and

platelets

are

cell

fragments.

What

is

the

lifespan

for

an

erythrocyte

and

why?

120

days

because

there

are

no

nuclei

and

therefore

no

mitosis

What

is

the

term

for

a

decreased

number

of

platelets?

thrombocytopenia

Be

able

to

name

the

components

of

plasma

(refer

to

chart

found

in

lecture

notes

and

textbook)

What

are

the

names

of

important

plasma

proteins

and

what

are their

functions?

Albumin

is

responsible

for

maintaining

osmotic

pressure,

globulins

form

antibodies

and

fibrinogen

forms

fibrin

in

the

last

step

of

coagulation

What

is

the

stimulus

that

triggers

erythropoiesis?

Lack

of

oxygen,

increased

tissue

demand

for

oxygen.

What

organ

is

responsible

for

producing

erythropoietin

and

where

are

RBCs

produced?

Kidney

and

red

bone

marrow

Which

blood

clotting

disease

is

transmitted

by

the

X

chromosome?

Hemophilia

so

this

means

it's

much

more

common

in

men

than

women

Be

able

to

describe

the

various

types

of

anemia

in

your

textbook:

iron-deficiency

anemia,

pernicious

anemia,

renal

anemia,

aplastic

anemia

and

sickle-cell

anemia.

Be

able

to

interpret

the

results

of

a

differential

WBC

count.

If

a

patient

has

elevated

eosinophils,

what

could

be

going

on?

Possible

allergy

or

parasitic

worm.

What

leukocytes

are

granulocytes

and

which

leukocytes

are

agranulocytes?

Granulocytes

are

neutrophils,

basophils

and

eosinophils.

Agranulocytes

are

lymphocytes

and

monocytes.

Be

able

to

describe

the

differences

between

leukocytes.

For

example,

which

leukocyte

has

multiple

nuclei?

Neutrophils

In

what ways

is

blood

an

atypical

type

of

connective

tissue?

is

a

liquid

tissue

but

has the

same

elements

as

other types

of

connective

tissue;

solid

fibers

only

appear

during

clotting

Be

able

to

name

the

main

steps

of

coagulation.

What

is

prothrombin

converted

to?

Thrombin.

What

is

fibrinogen

converted

to?

Fibrin