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BUS 6600 Module 2: Chapters 7 and 10 LATEST (2025)
Managers today tend to be... Collaborative, emphasize teams and team building, guide, train, support, motivate, must be globally prepared, must be skilled communicators and team players Name the four functions of management. planning, organizing, leading, controlling Define management. the process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling people and other organizational resources Define the planning process of organizational management. a management function that includes anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives; setting goals What is the key management function? Planning (you must have a good plan for all other functions to work) Define the organizing function of management. Designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to achieve the organization's goals and objectives
Allocating resources, assigning tasks, establishing procedures for accomplishing goals, recruiting and selecting are all parts of which function of management? Organizing Successful organizations today are designed around what? Pleasing the customer at a profit What is leading? creating a vision for the organization and guiding, training, coaching, and motivating others to work effectively to achieve the organization's goals and objectives in a timely manner. Give examples of the leading function of management. Clarifying policies, guiding and motivating, providing feedback on performance Today, most managers tend to ______________ employees. This function was once known as _________________, that is, telling employees exactly what to do. empower; directing What is the controlling function of management? involves establishing clear standards to determine whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, rewarding people for doing a good job, and taking corrective action if they are not. Give examples of controlling in management.
Objectives are? Specific, short-term statements detailing how to achieve the organization's goals. What two fundamental questions does planning address?
- What is the situation now?
- How can we get there from here? Define SWOT analysis. A planning tool used to analyze an organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are ______________ to the firm. Opportunities and threats are ____________ to the firm. Internal; external (cannot always be anticipated) "Entry of lower-cost foreign competitors" is an example of what in SWOT analysis? Threat "Weak market image" is an example of what in SWOT analysis? Weakness
"Ability to serve additional customer groups" is an example of what in SWOT analysis? Opportunity "Core competency in key areas" is an example of what in SWOT analysis? Strength What are the four types of planning?
- Strategic Planning
- Tactical Planning
- Operational Planning
- Contingency Planning Define strategic planning and who is involved. Determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals (upper-level management; executives) Define tactical planning and who is involved. Developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done. Tactical planning is normally done by managers at lower levels of the organization. An example of tactical planning is setting annual budgets. Define policies vs. strategies
a part of contingency planning, involves reacting to sudden changes in the environment. Define decision-making. All management functions involve DECISION MAKING, choosing among two or more alternatives. What is the rational decision making model? a series of steps managers often follow to make logical, intelligent, and well-founded decisions. Give the six steps of the rational decision making model. 1.Define the situation. 2.Describe and collect needed information. 3.Develop alternatives. 4.Decide which alternative is best. 5.Do what is indicated. 6.Determine whether the decision was a good one, and follow up. What is problem solving? The process of solving the everyday problems that occur; less formal than decision making and usually calls for quicker action. Give two methods of problem solving.
- Brainstorming
- PMI
What is PMI? Listing all the pluses for a solution in one column, all the minuses in another, and the implications in a third column (Plus, Minus, Implications) What are the three levels of management?
- Top management
- Middle management
- Supervisory management Define top management and give some titles. TOP MANAGEMENT is the highest level of management, consisting of the president and other key company executives who develop STRATEGIC PLANS. ex: CEO, President, Vice President Define middle management and give some titles. •Includes general managers, division managers, and branch and plant managers who are responsible for tactical planning and controlling What does each of these stand for? Give their responsibilities. CEO COO
What are human relations skills and who should have them? involve communication and motivation; they enable managers to work through and with people. ALL. What are conceptual skills and who must have them? involve the ability to picture the organization as a whole and the relationships among its various parts. MOST important for top-level executives. The higher a person moves up in the managerial ladder, the more he or she needs to be a visionary, planner, communicator, and motivator. True or false? True. Define staffing. includes hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company's objectives. In today's high-tech world, recruiting good employees is a critical important part of organizational success (text examples: Google, Microsoft, Facebook). b. Firms with the most innovative and creative workers can develop quickly and successfully. Leaders must:
•Communicate a vision and rally others around that vision. •Establish corporate values. •Promote corporate ethics. •Embrace change. •Stress accountability and responsibility. Define transparency. The presentation of the company's facts and figures in a way that is clear and apparent to all stakeholders. What are the three leadership styles?
- Autocratic
- Participative or democratic
- Free-rein leadership What is autocratic leadership? a leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others; it is effective in emergencies and when dealing with unskilled workers. What is participative leadership? is a leadership style that consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions. i. Research shows that employee participation may not increase effectiveness, but it does usually increases job satisfaction. ii. Organizations that have successfully used this style include Apple, IBM, AT&T, and most smaller firms.
Knowledge management keeps people from ________________ _________ ______________. reinventing the wheel What has become a popular term to describe the vast collection of available information? Big data What is the controlling function of management? •Measures performance relative to planned objectives •Rewards people for work well done •Takes necessary corrective action What are the five steps of the controlling process?
- Establishing clear PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
- MONITORING and recording actual performance
- COMPARING RESULTS against plans and standards
- COMMUNICATING RESULTS and deviations to the employees involved
- TAKING CORRECTIVE ACTION when needed and providing positive feedback for work well done In order to measure results against standards, the standards must be SPECIFIC, ATTAINABLE, and MEASURABLE. If feedback is negative, this tells us what?
The standards may not be realistic. Define external customers vs. internal customers. •External customers — Dealers, who buy products to sell to others, and ultimate customers (or end users), who buy products for their own use. •Internal customers — Individuals and units within the firm that receive services from other individuals or units. What is the criterion for determining success in a customer-oriented firm? Customer satisfaction Happy workers lead to happy customers. Unhappy workers may leave. b. Losing an employee can cost the equivalent of 6 to 9 months' salary. c. The other costs of losing employees are even greater; like loss of intellectual capital and decreased morale of remaining workers. _____________ describes employees' level of motivation, passion, and commitment. Engagement The lower productivity of disengaged workers costs the U.S. economy between $480 and $ billion a year. True or false. True.
Taylor's goal was to ___________ ________________ in order to benefit both the firm and the worker. increase productivity What were the three elements of Frederick Taylor's approach? Three elements of his approach were TIME, METHODS, and RULES OF WORK. Define a time-motion study. study which tasks must be performed to complete the job and the time needed to do each task. Henry L. Gantt, one of Taylor's followers, developed ____________ _____________, which managers used to plot the work of employees down to the smallest detail. Gantt Charts (charts) This theory developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth that every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions. Principle of Motion Economy Scientific management viewed people as _____________ that needed to be properly programmed. There was little concern for the _____________ or ____________ aspects of work. machines; psychological or human
•UPS drivers work under strict rules and work requirements. This is am example of what? •How to get out of their trucks: •Right foot first •How fast to walk: •3 ft per second •How many packages to deliver a day •125 to 175 in off-peak seasons •How to hold their keys: Teeth up, third finger Scientific management; work conformity Who conducted the Hawthorne Studies? Elton Mayo What was the purpose of the Hawthorne Studies? The PURPOSE of the studies was to determine the best lighting for optimum productivity. What did the Hawthorne Studies find? •Productivity increased regardless of light condition. •Researchers decided it was a human or psychological factor at play. Mayo guessed that some HUMAN or PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS caused the increases. what is the Hawthorne Effect?
Physiological (food, water, shelter) Lower-level needs are met and higher-level needs dominate in what types of countries? Developed countries. Who used interviews to identify the factors that are most effective in generating enthusiastic work effort? Frederick Herzberg Herzberg found ________ ___________ factors were most important to workers. Workers like to feel they contribute to the company. job content ____________ are job factors that cause employees to be productive and that give them satisfaction. Motivators In Herzberg's experiment, factors relating to _________ _________________ were not motivators. job environment In Herzberg's theory of motivating factors, _____________ are job factors that cause employees to be productive and that give them satisfaction. motivators
_________ ________________ are job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased. hygiene factors What is the best way to motivate employees? a. Make the job interesting b. Help them achieve their objectives c. Recognize their achievement through advancement and added responsibility Give examples of motivators. •Work itself •Achievement •Recognition •Responsibility •Growth and advancement Give examples of hygiene factors. •Company policy and administration •Supervision •Working conditions •Interpersonal relations (co-workers) •Salary, status, and job security
